Dataset Information

Microgeographically diverse Plasmodium vivax populations at the Thai-Myanmar border.

ABSTRACT: Malaria transmission along international borders of the Greater Mekong Subregion is a big challenge for regional malaria elimination. At the Thai-Myanmar border, Plasmodium falciparum cases have dropped dramatically; however, increasing P. vivax prevalence and the emerging reports on hidden malaria burden due to asymptomatic infections demand attention. We conducted cross-sectional surveys to detect asymptomatic malaria infections in a small village located at Thai-Myanmar border and genotyped P. vivax infections in order to understand the level of genetic diversity on such a microgeographic scale. PCR/RFLP and DNA sequencing identified high levels of genetic polymorphisms at both Pvmsp3? and Pvmsp3? loci among P. vivax infections. Combining the PCR/RFLP patterns of Pvmsp3? and Pvmsp3?, a total of 10 genotypes were observed among 17 samples, while concatenated DNA sequences of Pvmsp3? and 3? generated 14 haplotypes with haplotype diversity of 0.97. These markedly diverse parasites on a microgeographic scale suggest the circulation of a considerably large parasite population at the international border.

SUBMITTER: Gupta B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5123908 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Microgeographically diverse Plasmodium vivax populations at the Thai-Myanmar border.

Gupta Bhavna B Parker Daniel M DM Fan Qi Q Reddy B P Niranjan BPN Yan Guiyun G Sattabongkot Jetsumon J Cui Liwang L

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases 20160928

Malaria transmission along international borders of the Greater Mekong Subregion is a big challenge for regional malaria elimination. At the Thai-Myanmar border, Plasmodium falciparum cases have dropped dramatically; however, increasing P. vivax prevalence and the emerging reports on hidden malaria burden due to asymptomatic infections demand attention. We conducted cross-sectional surveys to detect asymptomatic malaria infections in a small village located at Thai-Myanmar border and genotyped P ...[more]

PMID: 27693401

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Project description:IntroductionThe human malaria parasite, Plasmodium vivax, is proving more difficult to control and eliminate than Plasmodium falciparum in areas of co-transmission. Comparisons of the genetic structure of sympatric parasite populations may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the resilience of P. vivax and can help guide malaria control programs.Methodology/principle findingsP. vivax isolates representing the parasite populations of four areas on the north coast of Papua New Guinea (PNG) were genotyped using microsatellite markers and compared with previously published microsatellite data from sympatric P. falciparum isolates. The genetic diversity of P. vivax (He = 0.83-0.85) was higher than that of P. falciparum (He = 0.64-0.77) in all four populations. Moderate levels of genetic differentiation were found between P. falciparum populations, even over relatively short distances (less than 50 km), with 21-28% private alleles and clear geospatial genetic clustering. Conversely, very low population differentiation was found between P. vivax catchments, with less than 5% private alleles and no genetic clustering observed. In addition, the effective population size of P. vivax (30353; 13043-69142) was larger than that of P. falciparum (18871; 8109-42986).Conclusions/significanceDespite comparably high prevalence, P. vivax had higher diversity and a panmictic population structure compared to sympatric P. falciparum populations, which were fragmented into subpopulations. The results suggest that in comparison to P. falciparum, P. vivax has had a long-term large effective population size, consistent with more intense and stable transmission, and limited impact of past control and elimination efforts. This underlines suggestions that more intensive and sustained interventions will be needed to control and eventually eliminate P. vivax. This research clearly demonstrates how population genetic analyses can reveal deeper insight into transmission patterns than traditional surveillance methods.

Dataset Information

Microgeographically diverse Plasmodium vivax populations at the Thai-Myanmar border.

Publications

Microgeographically diverse Plasmodium vivax populations at the Thai-Myanmar border.

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