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Evaluation of Salvadora persica L. and green tea anti-plaque effect: a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial.

ABSTRACT: In the author's earlier in vitro investigation, a combination of 0.25 mg/ml green tea and 7.82 mg/ml Salvadora persica L. aqueous extracts was found to exhibit significant synergistic anti-bacterial and anti-adherence effects against primary plaque colonizers biofilm. A clinical trial was needed to support these preliminary in vitro results and to investigate its efficacy as a mouthwash in the control of dental plaque.A 24 h plaque re-growth, double-blinded, randomized crossover trial was carried out. Participants (n?=?14) randomly rinsed with test formulation, 0.12% chlorhexidine (control) and placebo mouthwashes for 24 h. A week before the trial, all participants received scaling, polishing and oral hygiene education. On the trial day, the participants received polishing at baseline and rinsed with 15 ml of randomly allocated mouthwash twice daily without oral hygiene measures. After 24 h, plaque index was scored and then the participants entered a 6-days washout period with regular oral hygiene measures. The same protocol was repeated for the next 2 mouthwashes.The results were expressed as mean (±SD) plaque index. The test mouthwash (0.931?±?0.372) significantly reduced plaque accumulation when compared with placebo (1.440?±?0.498, p??0.0167).The test mouthwash has an anti-plaque effect for a 24 h period. Longer-term clinical studies are highly encouraged to investigate its anti-plaque effect for longer periods.This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02624336 in December 3, 2015.

SUBMITTER: Abdulbaqi HR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5131433 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evaluation of Salvadora persica L. and green tea anti-plaque effect: a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial.

Abdulbaqi Hayder Raad HR Himratul-Aznita Wan Harun WH Baharuddin Nor Adinar NA

BMC complementary and alternative medicine 20161201 1

<h4>Background</h4>In the author's earlier in vitro investigation, a combination of 0.25 mg/ml green tea and 7.82 mg/ml Salvadora persica L. aqueous extracts was found to exhibit significant synergistic anti-bacterial and anti-adherence effects against primary plaque colonizers biofilm. A clinical trial was needed to support these preliminary in vitro results and to investigate its efficacy as a mouthwash in the control of dental plaque.<h4>Methods</h4>A 24 h plaque re-growth, double-blinded, ra ...[more]

PMID: 27903262

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Project description:Gastric ulcers are among the most broadly perceived illnesses affecting individuals. Alcohol consumption is the main cause of gastric ulceration. This study assessed the protective effects of Salvadora persica (SP) extract against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and elucidated the conceivable underlying mechanisms involved. For this purpose, 40 rats were allotted into 4 equal groups (control, ethanol- (EtOH-) treated, and SP-treated "SP200 and SP400" groups). The control and EtOH-treated groups were given phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and both the SP200 and SP400 groups were given SP extract dissolved in PBS at doses of 200 and 400?mg/kg b.w., respectively. All treatments were given orally for 7 constitutive days. On the 8th day, all rats were fasted for 24?h followed by oral gavage of PBS in the control group and chilled absolute ethanol solution (5?ml/kg b.w.) in the EtOH- and SP-treated groups to induce gastric lesions. One hour later, the rats were sacrificed and the stomachs were harvested. Gross and microscopic examinations of the EtOH-treated group showed severe gastric hemorrhagic necrosis, submucosal edema, destruction of epithelial cells, and reduced glycoprotein content at the mucus surface. These pathological lesions were defeated by SP extract treatment. Administration of SP extract modulated the oxidative stress and augmented the antioxidant defenses. The elevated ethanol-expressed tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) and interleukin-1? (IL-1?) genes, as well as bcl-2-like protein 4 (Bax) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were diminished in the SP-treated group. Curiously, SP extract upregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1) gene expression comparable to that of the EtOH-treated rats. Aggregately, SP exerted antiulcer activities in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer rat models via modulation of oxidant/antioxidant status, mitigation of proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis, as well as remodeling of both NOS isoforms.

Dataset Information

Evaluation of Salvadora persica L. and green tea anti-plaque effect: a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial.

Publications

Evaluation of Salvadora persica L. and green tea anti-plaque effect: a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial.

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