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Genome sequence, population history, and pelage genetics of the endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus).


ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) is an endangered African canid threatened by severe habitat fragmentation, human-wildlife conflict, and infectious disease. A highly specialized carnivore, it is distinguished by its social structure, dental morphology, absence of dewclaws, and colorful pelage. RESULTS:We sequenced the genomes of two individuals from populations representing two distinct ecological histories (Laikipia County, Kenya and KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa). We reconstructed population demographic histories for the two individuals and scanned the genomes for evidence of selection. CONCLUSIONS:We show that the African wild dog has undergone at least two effective population size reductions in the last 1,000,000 years. We found evidence of Lycaon individual-specific regions of low diversity, suggestive of inbreeding or population-specific selection. Further research is needed to clarify whether these population reductions and low diversity regions are characteristic of the species as a whole. We documented positive selection on the Lycaon mitochondrial genome. Finally, we identified several candidate genes (ASIP, MITF, MLPH, PMEL) that may play a role in the characteristic Lycaon pelage.

SUBMITTER: Campana MG 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5148847 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genome sequence, population history, and pelage genetics of the endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus).

Campana Michael G MG   Parker Lillian D LD   Hawkins Melissa T R MT   Young Hillary S HS   Helgen Kristofer M KM   Szykman Gunther Micaela M   Woodroffe Rosie R   Maldonado Jesús E JE   Fleischer Robert C RC  

BMC genomics 20161209 1


<h4>Background</h4>The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) is an endangered African canid threatened by severe habitat fragmentation, human-wildlife conflict, and infectious disease. A highly specialized carnivore, it is distinguished by its social structure, dental morphology, absence of dewclaws, and colorful pelage.<h4>Results</h4>We sequenced the genomes of two individuals from populations representing two distinct ecological histories (Laikipia County, Kenya and KwaZulu-Natal Province, South A  ...[more]

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