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Relative differences in resting-state brain connectivity associated with long term intensive lifestyle intervention.

ABSTRACT: A number of studies have reported that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with alterations in resting-state activity and connectivity in the brain. There is also evidence that interventions involving physical activity and weight loss may affect brain functional connectivity. In this study, we examined the effects of nearly 10 years of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), designed to induce and sustain weight loss through lower caloric intake and increased physical activity, on resting-state networks in adults with T2DM. We performed a cross-sectional comparison of global and local characteristics from functional brain networks between individuals who had been randomly assigned to ILI or a control condition of health education and support. Upon examining brain networks from 312 participants (average age: 68.8 for ILI and 67.9 for controls), we found that ILI participants (N=160) had attenuated local efficiency at the network-level compared with controls (N=152). Although there was no group difference in the network-level global efficiency, we found that, among ILI participants, nodal global efficiency was elevated in left fusiform gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and pars opercularis of right inferior frontal gyrus. These effects were age-dependent, with more pronounced effects for older participants. Overall these results indicate that the individuals assigned to the ILI had brain networks with less regional and more global connectivity, particularly involving frontal lobes. Such patterns would support greater distributed information processing. Future studies are needed to determine if these differences are associated with age-related compensatory function in the ILI group or worse pathology in the control group.

SUBMITTER: Casanova R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5159283 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Relative differences in resting-state brain connectivity associated with long term intensive lifestyle intervention.

Casanova Ramon R Hayasaka Satoru S Saldana Santiago S Bryan Nick R NR Demos Kathryn E KE Desiderio Lisa L Erickson Kirk I KI Espeland Mark A MA Nasrallah Ilya M IM Wadden Thomas T Laurienti Paul J PJ

Psychoneuroendocrinology 20160923

A number of studies have reported that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with alterations in resting-state activity and connectivity in the brain. There is also evidence that interventions involving physical activity and weight loss may affect brain functional connectivity. In this study, we examined the effects of nearly 10 years of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), designed to induce and sustain weight loss through lower caloric intake and increased physical activity, on r ...[more]

PMID: 27685338

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Project description:ObjectiveTo assess whether an average of 10 years of lifestyle intervention designed to reduce weight and increase physical activity lowers the prevalence of cognitive impairment among adults at increased risk due to type 2 diabetes and obesity or overweight.MethodsCentral adjudication of mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia was based on standardized cognitive test battery scores administered to 3,802 individuals who had been randomly assigned, with equal probability, to either the lifestyle intervention or the diabetes support and education control. When scores fell below a prespecified threshold, functional information was obtained through proxy interview.ResultsCompared with control, the intensive lifestyle intervention induced and maintained marked differences in weight loss and self-reported physical activity throughout follow-up. At an average (range) of 11.4 (9.5-13.5) years after enrollment, when participants' mean age was 69.6 (54.9-87.2) years, the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia was 6.4% and 1.8%, respectively, in the intervention group, compared with 6.6% and 1.8%, respectively, in the control group (p = 0.93). The lack of an intervention effect on the prevalence of cognitive impairment was consistent among individuals grouped by cardiovascular disease history, diabetes duration, sex, and APOE ε4 allele status (all p ≥ 0.50). However, there was evidence (p = 0.03) that the intervention effect ranged from benefit to harm across participants ordered from lowest to highest baseline BMI.ConclusionsTen years of behavioral weight loss intervention did not result in an overall difference in the prevalence of cognitive impairment among overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes.Clinicaltrialsgov identifierNCT00017953 (Action for Health in Diabetes).Level of evidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that for overweight adults with type 2 diabetes, a lifestyle intervention designed to reduce weight and increase physical activity does not lower the risk of cognitive impairment.

Project description:During adolescence, considerable social and biological changes occur that interact with functional brain maturation, some of which are sex-specific. The amygdala is one brain area that has displayed sexual dimorphism, specifically in socio-affective (superficial amygdala [SFA]), stress (centromedial amygdala [CMA]), and learning and memory (basolateral amygdala [BLA]) processing. The amygdala has also been implicated in mood and anxiety disorders which display sex-specific features, most prominently observed during adolescence. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the present study examined the interaction of age and sex on resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) of amygdala sub-regions, BLA and SFA, in a sample of healthy adolescents between the ages 10 and 16 years (n = 122, 71 boys). Whole-brain, voxel-wise partial correlation analyses were conducted to determine RSFC of bilateral BLA and SFA seed regions, created using the Eickhoff-Zilles maximum probability maps based on cytoarchitectonic mapping and FMRIB's Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool (FIRST). Monte Carlo simulation was implemented to correct for multiple comparisons (threshold of 53 contiguous voxels with a z-value ≥ 2.25). Results indicated that with increasing age, there was a corresponding decrease in RSFC between both amygdala sub-regions and parieto-occipital cortices, with a concurrent increase in RSFC with medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Specifically, boys and girls demonstrated increased coupling of mPFC and left and right SFA with age, respectively; however, neither sex showed increased connectivity between mPFC and BLA, which could indicate relative immaturity of fronto-limbic networks that is similar across sex. A dissociation in connectivity between BLA- and SFA-parieto-occipital RSFC emerged, in which girls had weaker negative RSFC between SFA and parieto-occipital regions and boys had weaker negative RSFC of BLA and parieto-occipital regions with increased age, both standing in contrast to adult patterns of amygdala sub-regional RSFC. The present findings suggest relative immaturity of amygdala sub-regional RSFC with parieto-occipital cortices during adolescence, with unique patterns in both sexes that may support memory and socio-affective processing in boys and girls, respectively. Understanding the underlying normative functional architecture of brain networks associated with the amygdala during adolescence may better inform future research of the neural features associated with increased risk for internalizing psychopathology.

Project description:Introduction: Previous studies have shown significant conditional differences between eyes open, fixated at an image (EO) and eyes closed (EC) in the acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data. Aim: We recently showed significant functional network connectivity (FNC) differences between EO and EC across a variety of networks. In this study, we aim at further evaluating differences in dynamic FNC (dFNC) between EO and EC. Materials and Methods: Rs-fMRI were collected from adolescents aged 9-15 years old during both EO and EC conditions, and dFNC was calculated by using the independent component analysis framework. Results: We found that out of five states (clusters), state 1 was observed to be more dominant in the EO condition, whereas state 2 was observed to be more dominant in the EC condition. States 1 and 2 showed significant differences in the mean dwell time based on false discovery rate, and states 1, 2, 3, and 4 differed in the frequency of occurrences. These results are consistent with our previous study of static connectivity in suggesting that EO and EC differences not only are relatively strong but also importantly reveal that these differences vary over time, especially in one particularly transient connectivity pattern. Conclusion: Our results manifest as changes in the proportion of time spent in unique functional connectivity patterns, and they show unique transient functional connectivity patterns in a subset of identified states. Overall, our findings indicate that both static and dynamic rs-fMRI connectivity patterns are strongly impacted by basic conditional differences such as EO and EC. Impact statement Our findings not only suggest that eyes open, fixated at an image (EO) and eyes closed (EC) condition-related resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging differences are relatively strong, but they also reveal an important attribute of these conditions that these differences vary over time, especially in one particularly transient connectivity pattern. Our results manifest as changes in the proportion of time spent in unique functional connectivity patterns, and they show unique transient functional connectivity patterns in a subset of identified states. We believe there is benefit in having the EO/EC as a contrast of interest in future studies, if time allows.

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Relative differences in resting-state brain connectivity associated with long term intensive lifestyle intervention.

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Relative differences in resting-state brain connectivity associated with long term intensive lifestyle intervention.

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