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Associations between adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations and biomarkers of inflammation, hormonal, and insulin response.

ABSTRACT: Adherence to the 2007 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations has been associated with lower cancer risk but the underlying biological mechanisms have not been elucidated. We utilized dietary and lifestyle data from 11,342 women in the Nurses' Health Study and 8,136 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, to investigate associations between adherence scores and markers of inflammation, hormonal and insulin response. Two scores ranging from 0 to 3 were constructed to assess adherence to the energy balance-related recommendations (weight management, physical activity, energy density); and the plant, animal foods and alcohol intake recommendations; with higher scores indicating greater adherence. The following biomarkers were assessed in plasma samples donated by chronic disease-free women (1990) and men (1994): C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-? receptor 2 (TNF?R2) and adiponectin for inflammation; estrone and estradiol for hormonal response in women, C-peptide for hyperinsulinemia; and triglycerides/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio for insulin resistance. In multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses, we estimated relative concentrations of biomarkers across adherence categories. There was a significant trend of lower (higher for adiponectin) biomarker concentrations with higher adherence to the energy balance recommendations (all p trend <0.0001). Comparing the highest (3) to the lowest recommendation category (0-1), the percent difference in relative concentrations of biomarkers was CRP, -69%; IL6, -41%; TNF?R2, -13%; adiponectin, +36%; C-peptide, -43%; TG/HDL, -43%; estrone, -31%; and estradiol, -43%; in women; and CRP, -59%; IL6, -42%; TNF?R2, -10%; adiponectin, +22%; C-peptide, -44%; and TG/HDL, -40%; in men. In contrast, associations between adherence to the plant, animal foods and alcohol intake recommendations and biomarker concentrations were weaker, and mostly nonsignificant. The healthier biomarker profile associated with greater adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations is driven mainly by adherence to the energy balance-related recommendations.

SUBMITTER: Tabung FK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5167632 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Associations between adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations and biomarkers of inflammation, hormonal, and insulin response.

Tabung Fred K FK Fung Teresa T TT Chavarro Jorge E JE Smith-Warner Stephanie A SA Willett Walter C WC Giovannucci Edward L EL

International journal of cancer 20161114 4

Adherence to the 2007 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations has been associated with lower cancer risk but the underlying biological mechanisms have not been elucidated. We utilized dietary and lifestyle data from 11,342 women in the Nurses' Health Study and 8,136 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, to investigate associations between adherence scores and markers of inflammation, hormonal and insulin response. Two scores ranging from 0 to 3 were constructed to assess adherence ...[more]

PMID: 27798951

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Project description:Bowel cancer risk is strongly influenced by lifestyle factors including diet and physical activity. Several studies have investigated the effects of adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) cancer prevention recommendations on outcomes such as all-cause and cancer-specific mortality, but the relationships with molecular mechanisms that underlie the effects on bowel cancer risk are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations and wingless/integrated (WNT)-pathway-related markers of bowel cancer risk, including the expression of WNT pathway genes and regulatory microRNA (miRNA), secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) methylation and colonic crypt proliferative state in colorectal mucosal biopsies. Dietary and lifestyle data from seventy-five healthy participants recruited as part of the DISC Study were used. A scoring system was devised including seven of the cancer prevention recommendations and smoking status. The effects of total adherence score and scores for individual recommendations on the measured outcomes were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation analysis and unpaired t tests, respectively. Total adherence score correlated negatively with expression of Myc proto-oncogene (c-MYC) (P=0·039) and WNT11 (P=0·025), and high adherers had significantly reduced expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) (P=0·042), WNT11 (P=0·012) and c-MYC (P=0·048). Expression of axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3β), catenin β1 (CTNNB1) and WNT11 and of the oncogenic miRNA miR-17 and colonic crypt kinetics correlated significantly with scores for individual recommendations, including body fatness, red meat intake, plant food intake and smoking status. The findings from this study provide evidence for positive effects of adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations on WNT-pathway-related markers of bowel cancer risk.

Project description:BackgroundWhether the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) dietary recommendations affect the gut microbiota and inflammatory status remains unclear. We examined the association of dietary adherence scores to the WCRF/AICR with gut microbiota and inflammation in a cross-sectional setting.MethodsThe WCRF/AICR diet adherence scores were calculated for 151 participants (adenoma 97, non-adenoma 54) from 7-day dietary records. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples. The levels of inflammatory biomarkers in both blood (i.e., IL-6, IL-8, IgA, IgM, and IgG) and fecal samples (i.e., FCP) were evaluated in 97 colorectal adenoma patients who had blood samples available. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of individual and total dietary adherence scores with gut microbiota and inflammatory biomarker levels.ResultsParticipants with higher adherence had lower relative abundance of Proteobacteria (β = -0.041, 95%CI: -0.073, -0.009), Enterobacteriaceae (β = -0.035, 95%CI: -0.067, -0.003), and unidentified Enterobacteriaceae at the genus level (β = -0.029, 95%CI: -0.055, -0.003) compared to those with lower adherence. Plant-based food intake was positively correlated with increased abundance of Phascolarctobacterium (β = 0.013, 95%CI: 0.001, 0.026). Restricting fast food was linked to high abundance of Bacteroidaceae (β = 0.149, 95%CI: 0.040, 0.257) and Bacteroides (β = 0.149, 95%CI: 0.040, 0.257). Limiting sugary drinks was associated with reduced abundance of Lachnospiraceae (β = -0.155, 95%CI: -0.292, -0.018). Plant-based food intake (β = -0.251, 95%CI: -0.450, -0.052) and restriction of fast food (β = -0.226, 95%CI: -0.443, -0.008) were associated with reduced IGG levels in men. Alcohol restriction was linked to lower IL-6 (β = -7.095, 95%CI: -11.286, -2.903) and IL-8 (β = -7.965, 95%CI: -14.700, -1.230) levels in women, but with higher IL-6 (β = 0.918, 95%CI: 0.161, 1.675) levels in men.ConclusionsOur findings support the association of adherence to the WCRF/AICR diet with gut microbiota and inflammation. These results need to be validated in additional prospective or interventional studies.

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Dataset Information

Associations between adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations and biomarkers of inflammation, hormonal, and insulin response.

Publications

Associations between adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations and biomarkers of inflammation, hormonal, and insulin response.

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