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Niclosamide sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to ionizing radiation in association with the inhibition of Wnt/?-catenin signaling.

ABSTRACT: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most difficult breast cancers to treat because there is no targeted treatment, and conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy followed by adjuvant radiation therapy is the standard of care for patients with TNBC. We herein reported that ionizing radiation (IR) induced Wnt3a, LRP6 and ?-catenin expression and consequently activated Wnt/?-catenin signaling in TNBC MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and Hs578T cells. Moreover, depletion of ?-catenin by shRNA sensitized TNBC cells to IR, whereas treatment of Wnt3a protein or overexpression of ?-catenin resulted in radioresistance of TNBC cells. Niclosamide, a potent inhibitor of Wnt/?-catenin signaling, not only inhibited constitutive Wnt/?-catenin signaling, but also blocked IR-induced Wnt/?-catenin signaling in TNBC cells. In addition, niclosamide sensitized TNBC cells to IR, prevented Wnt3a-induced radioresistance, and overcame ?-catenin-induced radioresistance in TNBC cells. Importantly, animals treated with the combination of niclosamide and ?-ray local tumor irradiation had significant inhibition of MDA-MB-231 tumor growth compared with treated with local tumor irradiation alone. These findings indicate that Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of radioresistance of TNBC cells, and that niclosamide had significant radiosensitizing effects by inhibiting Wnt/?-catenin signaling in TNBC cells. Our study also provides rationale for further preclinical and clinical evaluation of niclosamide in TNBC management.

SUBMITTER: Yin L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5173121 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Niclosamide sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to ionizing radiation in association with the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Yin Lina L Gao Yun Y Zhang Xuxia X Wang Jing J Ding Defang D Zhang Yaping Y Zhang Junxiang J Chen Honghong H

Oncotarget 20160701 27

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most difficult breast cancers to treat because there is no targeted treatment, and conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy followed by adjuvant radiation therapy is the standard of care for patients with TNBC. We herein reported that ionizing radiation (IR) induced Wnt3a, LRP6 and β-catenin expression and consequently activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in TNBC MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and Hs578T cells. Moreover, depletion of β-catenin by shRNA sensitiz ...[more]

PMID: 27363012

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Project description:BackgroundTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses a serious clinical challenge as it is an aggressive form of the disease that lacks estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and ERBB2 (formerly HER2) gene amplification, which limits the treatment options. The Warburg phenotype of upregulated glycolysis in the presence of oxygen has been shown to be prevalent in TNBC. Elevated glycolysis satisfies the energy requirements of cancer cells, contributes to resistance to treatment by maintaining redox homeostasis and generating nucleotide precursors required for cell proliferation and DNA repair. Expression of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), which is responsible for the bidirectional transport of lactate, correlates with an aggressive phenotype and poor outcome in several cancer types, including breast cancer. In this study, 3-bromopyruvate (3BP), a lactate/pyruvate analog, was used to selectively target TNBC cells that express MCT1.MethodsThe cytotoxicity of 3BP was tested in MTT assays using human TNBC cell lines: BT20 (MCT1+/MCT4-), MDA-MB-23 (MCT1-/MCT4+), and BT20 in which MCT1 was knocked down (siMCT1-BT20). The metabolite profile of 3BP-treated and 3BP-untreated cells was investigated using LC-MS/MS. The extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of BT20 and MDA-MB-231 cells treated with 3BP were measured using a Seahorse XF96 extracellular flux analyzer. The impact of ionizing radiation on cell survival, alone or in combination with 3BP pre-treatment, was evaluated using clonogenic assays.ResultsMetabolomic analyses showed that 3BP causes inhibition of glycolysis, disturbance of redox homeostasis, decreased nucleotide synthesis, and was accompanied by a reduction in medium acidification. In addition, 3BP potentiated the cytotoxic effect of ionizing radiation, a treatment that is frequently used in the management of TNBC.ConclusionsOverall, MCT1-mediated metabolic perturbation in combination with radiotherapy is shown to be a promising strategy for the treatment of glycolytic tumors such as TNBC, overcoming the selectivity challenges of targeting glycolysis with glucose analogs.

Project description:Tumor cells acquire metastasis-associated (MA) phenotypes following genetic alterations in them which cause deregulation of different signaling pathways. Earlier, we reported that an upregulation of the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway (WP) is one of the genetic salient features of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and WP signaling is associated with metastasis in TNBC. Using cBioPortal, here we found that collective % of alteration(s) in WP genes, CTNNB1, APC and DVL1 among breast-invasive-carcinomas was 21% as compared to 56% in PAM50 Basal. To understand the functional relevance of WP in the biology of heterogeneous/metastasizing TNBC cells, we undertook this comprehensive study using 15 cell lines in which we examined the role of WP in the context of integrin-dependent MA-phenotypes. Directional movement of tumor cells was observed by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and quantitative confocal-video-microscopy while matrigel-invasion was studied by MMP7-specific casein-zymography. WntC59, XAV939, sulindac sulfide and beta-catenin siRNA (1) inhibited fibronectin-directed migration, (2) decreased podia-parameters and motility-descriptors, (3) altered filamentous-actin, (4) decreased matrigel-invasion and (5) inhibited cell proliferation as well as 3D clonogenic growth. Sulindac sulfide and beta-catenin siRNA decreased beta-catenin/active-beta-catenin and MMP7. LWnt3ACM-stimulated proliferation, clonogenicity, fibronectin-directed migration and matrigel-invasion were perturbed by WP-modulators, sulindac sulfide and GDC-0941. We studied a direct involvement of WP in metastasis by stimulating brain-metastasis-specific MDA-MB231BR cells to demonstrate that LWnt3ACM-stimulated proliferation, clonogenicity and migration were blocked following sulindac sulfide, GDC-0941 and beta-catenin knockdown. We present the first evidence showing a direct functional relationship between WP activation and integrin-dependent MA-phenotypes. By proving the functional relationship between WP activation and MA-phenotypes, our data mechanistically explains (1) why different components of WP are upregulated in TNBC, (2) how WP activation is associated with metastasis and (3) how integrin-dependent MA-phenotypes can be regulated by mitigating the WP.

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Niclosamide sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to ionizing radiation in association with the inhibition of Wnt/?-catenin signaling.

Publications

Niclosamide sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to ionizing radiation in association with the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

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