TGF-β Affects the Differentiation of Human GM-CSF⁺ CD4⁺ T Cells in an Activation- and Sodium-Dependent Manner.

ABSTRACT: The cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis. However, the environmental cues promoting differentiation of GM-CSF producing T cells are unclear. Herein, we performed a broad experimental screening of cytokines and data-driven analysis assessing their ability to induce human GM-CSF⁺ CD4⁺ T cells and their subpopulations. TGF-β was discovered to induce GM-CSF production independently of proliferation and IL-2 signaling including STAT5. In contrast, IL-6 and IL-23 decreased GM-CSF production. On the population level, GM-CSF induction was highly correlated with expression of FOXP3 across cytokine stimulations but not with that of IL-17. However, on single-

SUBMITTER: Elias S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5179518 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature