Dataset Information

Reduced Risk-Taking following Disruption of the Intraparietal Sulcus.

ABSTRACT: Decision makers frequently encounter opportunities to pursue great gains-assuming they are willing to accept greater risks. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that activity in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the inferior frontal junction (IFJ) are associated with individual preferences for economic risk ("known unknowns," e.g., a 50% chance of winning $5) and ambiguity ("unknown unknowns," e.g., an unknown chance of winning $5), respectively. Whether processing in these regions causally enables risk-taking for individual decisions, however, remains unknown. To examine this question, we assessed the decision to engage in risk-taking after disrupting neural processing in the IPS and IFJ of healthy human participants using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. While stimulation of the IFJ resulted in general slowing of decision times, disrupting neural processing within the IPS selectively suppressed risk-taking, biasing choices toward certain options featuring both lower risks and lower expected rewards. Our results are the first to demonstrate the necessity of intact IPS function for choosing uncertain outcomes when faced with calculable risks and rewards. Engagement of IPS during decision making may support a willingness to accept uncertain outcomes for a chance to obtain greater gains.

SUBMITTER: Coutlee CG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5179562 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reduced Risk-Taking following Disruption of the Intraparietal Sulcus.

Coutlee Christopher G CG Kiyonaga Anastasia A Korb Franziska M FM Huettel Scott A SA Egner Tobias T

Frontiers in neuroscience 20161223

Decision makers frequently encounter opportunities to pursue great gains-assuming they are willing to accept greater risks. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that activity in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the inferior frontal junction (IFJ) are associated with individual preferences for economic risk ("known unknowns," e.g., a 50% chance of winning $5) and ambiguity ("unknown unknowns," e.g., an unknown chance of winning $5), respectively. Whether processing in these regions causally ...[more]

PMID: 28066171

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Project description:Circadian rhythm disturbances have long been associated with the development of psychiatric disorders, including mood and substance use disorders. Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable time for the onset of psychiatric disorders and for circadian rhythm and sleep disruptions. Preclinical studies have found that circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) impacts the brain and behavior, but this research is largely focused on adult disruptions. Here, we sought to determine the long-term behavioral and neurobiological effects of CRD during early adolescence by exposing mice to 12 h shifts in the light/dark cycle. We hypothesized that adolescent CRD would have a greater effect on psychiatric-related behaviors, relative to adult disruption. To identify possible mechanisms, we also measured gene expression in brain regions relevant to circadian rhythms, mood and reward. We found that disruption during early adolescence, but not adulthood, persistently increased exploratory drive (risk-taking behavior) and cocaine preference when tested later in life. Interestingly, we found sex differences when intravenous cocaine self-administration was tested. While female mice with a history of adolescent CRD had a greater propensity to self-administer cocaine, as well as increased motivation and cue-induced reinstatement, male adolescent CRD mice had reduced motivation and extinction responding. Overall, adolescent CRD in mice caused persistent increases in risky behavior, cocaine reward and cocaine self-administration, which suggests that CRD during adolescence may predispose individuals towards substance use disorders. Importantly, we found that many transcripts were affected by adolescent CRD and these were largely distinct across sex and brain region. Future research is required to elucidate how adolescent CRD affects behaviors relevant to mood- and substance use-related disorders across the 24-hour day, as well as to identify intervention strategies to alleviate disruption during adolescence and novel therapeutic approaches once symptoms have begun.

Dataset Information

Reduced Risk-Taking following Disruption of the Intraparietal Sulcus.

Publications

Reduced Risk-Taking following Disruption of the Intraparietal Sulcus.

Similar Datasets

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