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Engineering a minimal G protein to facilitate crystallisation of G protein-coupled receptors in their active conformation.

ABSTRACT: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate cytoplasmic signalling in response to extracellular stimuli, and are important therapeutic targets in a wide range of diseases. Structure determination of GPCRs in all activation states is important to elucidate the precise mechanism of signal transduction and to facilitate optimal drug design. However, due to their inherent instability, crystallisation of GPCRs in complex with cytoplasmic signalling proteins, such as heterotrimeric G proteins and ?-arrestins, has proved challenging. Here, we describe the design of a minimal G protein, mini-Gs, which is composed solely of the GTPase domain from the adenylate cyclase stimulating G protein Gs Mini-Gs is a small, soluble protein, which efficiently couples GPCRs in the absence of G?? subunits. We engineered mini-Gs, using rational design mutagenesis, to form a stable complex with detergent-solubilised ?1-adrenergic receptor (?1AR). Mini G proteins induce similar pharmacological and structural changes in GPCRs as heterotrimeric G proteins, but eliminate many of the problems associated with crystallisation of these complexes, specifically their large size, conformational dynamics and instability in detergent. They are therefore novel tools, which will facilitate the biochemical and structural characterisation of GPCRs in their active conformation.

SUBMITTER: Carpenter B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5181381 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Engineering a minimal G protein to facilitate crystallisation of G protein-coupled receptors in their active conformation.

Carpenter Byron B Tate Christopher G CG

Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS 20160926 12

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate cytoplasmic signalling in response to extracellular stimuli, and are important therapeutic targets in a wide range of diseases. Structure determination of GPCRs in all activation states is important to elucidate the precise mechanism of signal transduction and to facilitate optimal drug design. However, due to their inherent instability, crystallisation of GPCRs in complex with cytoplasmic signalling proteins, such as heterotrimeric G proteins and β-a ...[more]

PMID: 27672048

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Project description:G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest group of membrane receptor proteins in eukaryotes. Due to their significant roles in various physiological processes such as vision, smell and inflammation, GPCRs are the targets of many prescription drugs. However, the functional and sequence diversity of GPCRs has kept their prediction and classification based on amino acid sequence data as a challenging bioinformatics problem. There are existing computational approaches, mainly using machine learning and statistical methods, to predict and classify GPCRs based on amino acid sequence and sequence derived features. In this paper, we describe a searchable MySQL database, named GPCR-PEnDB (GPCR Prediction Ensemble Database), of confirmed GPCRs and non-GPCRs. It was constructed with the goal of allowing users to conveniently access useful information of GPCRs in a wide range of organisms and to compile reliable training and testing datasets for different combinations of computational tools. This database currently contains 3129 confirmed GPCR and 3575 non-GPCR sequences collected from the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot protein database, encompassing over 1200 species. The non-GPCR entries include transmembrane proteins for evaluating various prediction programs' abilities to distinguish GPCRs from other transmembrane proteins. Each protein is linked to information about its source organism, classification, sequence lengths and composition, and other derived sequence features. We present examples of using this database along with its graphical user interface, to query for GPCRs with specific sequence properties and to compare the accuracies of five tools for GPCR prediction. This initial version of GPCR-PEnDB will provide a framework for future extensions to include additional sequence and feature data to facilitate the design and assessment of software tools and experimental studies to help understand the functional roles of GPCRs. Database URL: gpcr.utep.edu/database.

Dataset Information

Engineering a minimal G protein to facilitate crystallisation of G protein-coupled receptors in their active conformation.

Publications

Engineering a minimal G protein to facilitate crystallisation of G protein-coupled receptors in their active conformation.

Similar Datasets

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