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Differences in glycosyltransferase family 61 accompany variation in seed coat mucilage composition in Plantago spp.

ABSTRACT: Xylans are the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. A diverse range of xylan structures influence tissue function during growth and development. Despite the abundance of xylans in nature, details of the genes and biochemical pathways controlling their biosynthesis are lacking. In this study we have utilized natural variation within the Plantago genus to examine variation in heteroxylan composition and structure in seed coat mucilage. Compositional assays were combined with analysis of the glycosyltransferase family 61 (GT61) family during seed coat development, with the aim of identifying GT61 sequences participating in xylan backbone substitution. The results reveal natural variation in heteroxylan content and structure, particularly in P. ovata and P. cunninghamii, species which show a similar amount of heteroxylan but different backbone substitution profiles. Analysis of the GT61 family identified specific sequences co-expressed with IRREGULAR XYLEM 10 genes, which encode putative xylan synthases, revealing a close temporal association between xylan synthesis and substitution. Moreover, in P. ovata, several abundant GT61 sequences appear to lack orthologues in P. cunninghamii. Our results indicate that natural variation in Plantago species can be exploited to reveal novel details of seed coat development and polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways.

SUBMITTER: Phan JL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5181589 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Differences in glycosyltransferase family 61 accompany variation in seed coat mucilage composition in Plantago spp.

Phan Jana L JL Tucker Matthew R MR Khor Shi Fang SF Shirley Neil N Lahnstein Jelle J Beahan Cherie C Bacic Antony A Burton Rachel A RA

Journal of experimental botany 20161201 22

Xylans are the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. A diverse range of xylan structures influence tissue function during growth and development. Despite the abundance of xylans in nature, details of the genes and biochemical pathways controlling their biosynthesis are lacking. In this study we have utilized natural variation within the Plantago genus to examine variation in heteroxylan composition and structure in seed coat mucilage. Compositional assays were co ...[more]

PMID: 27856710

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Project description:IntroductionGoSAMTs play a role in the methylation of polysaccharides synthesized by the Golgi. Pectin homogalacturonan (HG) methyl-esterification is essential for the proper function of this polysaccharide in cell walls. In order to better understand the role of GoSAMTs in HG biosynthesis, we analyzed mucilage methyl-esterification in gosamt mutants.MethodsTo determine the function of GoSAMT1 and GoSAMT2 in HG methyl-esterification we utilized epidermal cells of seed coats, as these structures produce mucilage, which is a pectic matrix. We evaluated differences in seed surface morphology and quantified mucilage release. We measured methanol release, and used antibodies and confocal microscopy to analyze HG methyl-esterification in mucilage.ResultsWe observed morphological differences on the seed surface and delayed, uneven mucilage release in gosamt1-1gosamt2-1 double mutants. We also found changes in the distal wall length indicating abnormal cell wall breakage in this double mutant. Using methanol release and immunolabeling, we confirmed that GoSAMT1 and GoSAMT2 are involved in HG methyl-esterification in mucilage. However, we did not find evidence of decreasing HG in the gosamt mutants. Confocal microscopy analyses detected different patterns in the adherent mucilage and a greater number of low-methyl-esterified domains near the seed coat surface, which correlates with a greater number of "egg-box" structures in this region. We also detected a shift in the partitioning between the Rhamnogalacturonan-I soluble and adherent layers of the double mutant, which correlated with increased amounts of arabinose and arabinogalactan-protein in the adherent mucilage.DiscussionThe results show that the HG synthesized in gosamt mutant plants is less methyl esterified, resulting in more egg-box structures, which stiffen the cell walls in epidermal cells and change the rheological properties of the seed surface. The increased amounts of arabinose and arabinogalactan-protein in adherent mucilage, also suggests that compensation mechanisms were triggered in the gosamt mutants.

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Differences in glycosyltransferase family 61 accompany variation in seed coat mucilage composition in Plantago spp.

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Differences in glycosyltransferase family 61 accompany variation in seed coat mucilage composition in Plantago spp.

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