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Detection of human adaptation during the past 2000 years.

ABSTRACT: Detection of recent natural selection is a challenging problem in population genetics. Here we introduce the singleton density score (SDS), a method to infer very recent changes in allele frequencies from contemporary genome sequences. Applied to data from the UK10K Project, SDS reflects allele frequency changes in the ancestors of modern Britons during the past ~2000 to 3000 years. We see strong signals of selection at lactase and the major histocompatibility complex, and in favor of blond hair and blue eyes. For polygenic adaptation, we find that recent selection for increased height has driven allele frequency shifts across most of the genome. Moreover, we identify shifts associated with other complex traits, suggesting that polygenic adaptation has played a pervasive role in shaping genotypic and phenotypic variation in modern humans.

SUBMITTER: Field Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5182071 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Detection of human adaptation during the past 2000 years.

Field Yair Y Boyle Evan A EA Telis Natalie N Gao Ziyue Z Gaulton Kyle J KJ Golan David D Yengo Loic L Rocheleau Ghislain G Froguel Philippe P McCarthy Mark I MI Pritchard Jonathan K JK

Science (New York, N.Y.) 20161013 6313

Detection of recent natural selection is a challenging problem in population genetics. Here we introduce the singleton density score (SDS), a method to infer very recent changes in allele frequencies from contemporary genome sequences. Applied to data from the UK10K Project, SDS reflects allele frequency changes in the ancestors of modern Britons during the past ~2000 to 3000 years. We see strong signals of selection at lactase and the major histocompatibility complex, and in favor of blond hair ...[more]

PMID: 27738015

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