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Hybrid graphene plasmonic waveguide modulators.

ABSTRACT: The unique optical and electronic properties of graphene make possible the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices. One of the most exciting graphene characteristics is the tunability by gating which allows one to realize active optical devices. While several types of graphene-based photonic modulators have already been demonstrated, the potential of combining the versatility of graphene with subwavelength field confinement of plasmonic waveguides remains largely unexplored. Here we report fabrication and study of hybrid graphene-plasmonic waveguide modulators. We consider several types of modulators and identify the most promising one for telecom applications. The modulator working at the telecom range is demonstrated, showing a modulation depth of >0.03 dB μm(-1) at low gating voltages for an active device area of just 10 μm(2), characteristics which are already comparable to those of silicon-based waveguide modulators while retaining the benefit of further device miniaturization. Our proof-of-concept results pave the way towards on-chip realization of efficient graphene-based active plasmonic waveguide devices for optical communications.

SUBMITTER: Ansell D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5227092 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hybrid graphene plasmonic waveguide modulators.

Ansell D D Radko I P IP Han Z Z Rodriguez F J FJ Bozhevolnyi S I SI Grigorenko A N AN

Nature communications 20151110

The unique optical and electronic properties of graphene make possible the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices. One of the most exciting graphene characteristics is the tunability by gating which allows one to realize active optical devices. While several types of graphene-based photonic modulators have already been demonstrated, the potential of combining the versatility of graphene with subwavelength field confinement of plasmonic waveguides remains largely unexplored. Here we report f ...[more]

PMID: 26554944

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Project description:In this paper, a circular hybrid plasmonic waveguide-fed nano-antenna (CHPWFNA) has been introduced for operating at the standard telecommunication wavelength of 1,550 nm. For the first time, the dispersion relation of a circular hybrid plasmonic waveguide as the feed line of the proposed nano-antenna has been derived, analytically. To verify the accuracy of the analytical solution, two numerical techniques of finite element method (FEM) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method have been used. Numerical results are well-matched with the theoretical ones. The characteristics of the CHPWFNA have been studied by two mentioned methods. The obtained realized gains (directivities) by the FDTD and FEM simulations are 9.03 dB (9.38 dBi) and 10.00 dB (10.32 dBi), respectively, at 1,550 nm wavelength. For on-chip point-to-point wireless link performance, the obtained quality factor by the FDTD method (FEM) is 63.97 (100). The obtained radiation characteristics and link performance reveal that at 1,550 nm, the proposed antenna has the best performance. Besides, the frequency bandwidth of the antenna (185-200 THz) covers the low-loss optical frequency range. Also, paying attention to the laser eye safety is so important. Consequently, the wavelength of 1,550 nm has been chosen as the target wavelength. Moreover, the array configuration has been studied and the directivity and realized gain have been obtained based on the array factor theory and numerical methods, which are agree with each other. The attained realized gain by the FDTD method (FEM) for the considered single row array, at 1,550 nm, is 11.20 dB (11.30 dB). There is a little difference between the numerical results due to the total mesh size, the grid size refinement and the relative error of the numerical methods convergence. Finally, as one of the most important challenges in fabrication is the gold surface quality, we have studied the effect of gold surface roughness and its pentagonal cross section on the antenna performance.

Dataset Information

Hybrid graphene plasmonic waveguide modulators.

Publications

Hybrid graphene plasmonic waveguide modulators.

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