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VH1 Family Immunoglobulin Repertoire Sequencing after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

ABSTRACT: After allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), recovery of humoral immunity is essential to protect from life-threatening infections. However, monitoring the humoral immune system after transplantation with standard techniques in the clinical routine is imprecise. Here, we performed sequencing of mononuclear bone marrow cells to characterize the VH1-repertoire of switched B cells of healthy volunteers and patients undergoing HSCT. Analysis of healthy bone marrow donors and patients showed virtually no clonally related sequences between individuals. Interestingly, clonally related sequences were present in pre- and post-transplantation bone marrow of patients undergoing HSCT for acute myeloid leukemia treatment. We consistently observed such related B cell clones, irrespective of conditioning regimen, donor source or time post transplantation. In general, repertoire diversity was lower in post-HSCT as compared to pre-HSCT samples. However, post-HSCT repertoires retained highly mutated sequences, despite immunosuppressive therapy and presence of T cell deficiency after HSCT. These observations identify key properties of the recovering B cell compartment and provide a conceptual framework for the surveillance of humoral immunity after allogeneic transplantation.

SUBMITTER: Sethi MK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5240918 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Based on sequence variation in the UL55 gene that encodes glycoprotein B (gB), human cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be classified into four gB genotypes. Previous studies have suggested an association between CMV gB genotype and clinical outcome in patients who underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The goals of this study were identify patients with active infection caused by CMV in recipients of HSCT; determine the prevalence of CMV genotypes in the study group; correlate genotype with CMV disease, acute GVHD and overall survival. METHODS: The diagnosis of active CMV infection after allogeneic HSCT was detected by antigenemia (AGM) and/or nested-PCR (N-PCR). Positive samples from patients with active CMV infection were submitted to genotyping using N-PCR to amplify a region of UL55, followed by restriction analysis based on HinfI and RsaI digestion. Real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to determine the viral load during active CMV infection and antiviral treatment. RESULTS: Sixty-three allogeneic HSCT recipients were prospectively evaluated; 49/63 (78%) patients were infected with CMV genotypes - gB1 19/49 (39%), gB2 17/49 (35%), gB3 3/49 (6%), gB4 7/49 (14%) - and 3 (6%) had mixed CMV genotypes (gB1 + gB3, gB1 + gB4 and gB2 + gB4). Characterized by gastrointestinal disease, CMV disease occurred in 3/49 (6.1%) patients, who had CMV gB3 genotype. These gB3 genotype patients presented an increasing AGM number, mean 125 (± 250) (P = 0.70), and qPCR copies/ml, mean 37938 (SD ± 50542) (P = 0.03), during antiviral treatment, when compared with other CMV genotypes. According to CMV genotypes, stratified overall survival was 55% for gB1, 43% for gB2; 0% for gB3 and 57% for gB4 (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: One of the restrictions of the presented study was the low number of CMV gB sub-cohorts). However, we demonstrated that the frequency of active CMV infection in this HSCT population was high, and the most prevalent genotype in these patients with active CMV infection was gB1 and gB2 genotype (74%). In Brazil, HSCT recipients seem to carry mainly gB1 and gB2 CMV genotype.

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VH1 Family Immunoglobulin Repertoire Sequencing after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

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