Dataset Information

Microscopic and Molecular Detection of Cryptosporidium andersoni and Cryptosporidium xiaoi in Wastewater Samples of Tehran Province, Iran.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:As a waterborne pathogen, Cryptosporidium is one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis in human and hoofed livestock animals. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in human and livestock wastewaters in Iran, by the 18S rRNA sequence analysis. METHODS:A total of 54 raw wastewater samples collected from three urban treatment plants and two slaughterhouses during 2014-2015 in Tehran, Iran. The presence of the Cryptosporidium oocysts was assessed by immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. To characterize the oocysts at the molecular level, the 18S rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium was PCR amplified and sequenced. RESULTS:Of the 54 wastewater samples examined, 34 (62.9%) were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts using the IFA. Of these, 70.5% (24/34) were positive by PCR, that 91.6% (22/24) were successfully sequenced. The species of C. andersoni (95.4%) and C. xiaoi (4.6%) were detected in livestock wastewater samples. CONCLUSION:C. andersoni was the major Cryptosporidium sp. found in the aquatic environmental wastewater samples. The high rate of detection of C. andersoni in domestic wastewater was probably the result of the predominancy of this species in cattle herds in Iran. The current study is the first report of C. xiaoi in Iran.

SUBMITTER: Hatam-Nahavandi K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5251178 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Oct-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Microscopic and Molecular Detection of <i>Cryptosporidium andersoni</i> and <i>Cryptosporidium xiaoi</i> in Wastewater Samples of Tehran Province, Iran.

Hatam-Nahavandi Kareem K Mohebali Mehdi M Mahvi Amir-Hossein AH Keshavarz Hossein H Najafian Hamid-Reza HR Mirjalali Hamed H Rezaei Sasan S Rezaeian Mostafa M

Iranian journal of parasitology 20161001 4

<h4>Background</h4>As a waterborne pathogen, <i>Cryptosporidium</i> is one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis in human and hoofed livestock animals. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in human and livestock wastewaters in Iran, by the 18S rRNA sequence analysis.<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 54 raw wastewater samples collected from three urban treatment plants and two slaughterhouses during 2014-2015 in Tehran, Iran. The presence of the <i>Crypt ...[more]

PMID: 28127361

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Project description:BackgroundCryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum are usually considered to be the major pathogens responsible for human cryptosporidiosis. However, there have been few studies regarding the molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in human infections in China. Here we investigated Cryptosporidium infection in patients with diarrhea, in Danyang Hospital of Jiangsu Province, China, at the genotype level.MethodsA total of 232 stool specimens were collected from outpatients with diarrhea in Danyang Hospital of Jiangsu Province, China, from February 2012 to January 2013. Each specimen was stained from direct fecal smears and examined for Cryptosporidium using modified acid fast staining and microscopy. Moreover, genomic DNA of each fecal sample was screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium with nested PCR, which was genotyped by analyzing the DNA sequences of small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA).ResultsThe average infection rate of Cryptosporidium was 1.3% (3/232) by microscopy and subjected to PCR amplification of the SSU rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium, with 9.91% (23/232) being positive for Cryptosporidium with a significant peak in autumn. Based on the SSU rRNA gene, two Cryptosporidium spp. were identified, including C. andersoni (n =21) and C. hominis (n =2). Two types of C. andersoni, designated as A370 + and A370 - , were found in the SSU rRNA gene in our present study, which was 100% homologous to C. andersoni infections derived from dairy calves and goats, respectively. The clinical questionnaires showed no significant difference in age, gender and frequency of diarrhea, but duration of diarrhea was shorter for C. andersoni than that of C. hominis (mean, 2 vs. 4 days; p <0.01).ConclusionsC. andersoni is the dominant species in Danyang City of Jiangsu Province. The fact that SSU rRNA sequences of C. andersoni obtained from human stools exhibited 100% homologous to those derived from dairy calves and goats supported that C. andersoni infection might be attributable to animal origin. The difference in the duration of diarrhea of C. andersoni and C. hominis indicated that different Cryptosporidium species might cause different clinical manifestations.

Project description:Cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and blastocystosis are among the most important parasitic diseases common between humans and cats. In addition, there are concerns about the possible transmission of zoonotic parasites from infected cats to humans. Hence, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Blastocystis sp. in stray and household cats and cat owners. Our study was performed on 132, 33, and 33 fecal samples of stray and household cats, as well as cat owners in Tehran, Iran. Cryptosporidium spp. was identified using a nested PCR targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA) and sequencing the internal amplified fragments. Furthermore, to perform multilocus genotyping of G. duodenalis, the ß-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) genes were amplified to assess the DNA of G. duodenalis in the fecal samples of cats and cat owners. In addition, Blastocystis was detected by targeting the SSU rRNA gene, and the subtypes of Blastocystis were determined via the sequencing of amplicons. Cryptosporidium felis and Cryptosporidium canis were detected in seven stray cats (5.3%) and one household cat (3%). The bg gene of G. duodenalis was amplified and successfully sequenced in two (1.5%) stray cats and revealed assemblages F and B of G. duodenalis. Sequencing and phylogenic analysis of SSU rRNA gene nucleotide sequences of Blastocystis detected ST5 and ST10 in stray cats (1.5%), ST1 in household cats (9.1%), and ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST7 in owners (30.3%). The low prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Blastocystis in cats and the presence of species/assemblages/subtypes with limited zoonotic potential indicate that cats had a minor role in their owners' infection in the investigated population. However, the presence of zoonotic protozoa in cats suggests the necessity of special attention to high-risk individuals during close contact with cats. Therefore, it is recommended that veterinarians, physicians, and urban managers plan to prevent, control, or treat these parasites to help the urban community live healthily alongside cats.

Dataset Information

Microscopic and Molecular Detection of Cryptosporidium andersoni and Cryptosporidium xiaoi in Wastewater Samples of Tehran Province, Iran.

Publications

Microscopic and Molecular Detection of <i>Cryptosporidium andersoni</i> and <i>Cryptosporidium xiaoi</i> in Wastewater Samples of Tehran Province, Iran.

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