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Production of functional human nerve growth factor from the saliva of transgenic mice by using salivary glands as bioreactors.

ABSTRACT: The salivary glands of animals have great potential to act as powerful bioreactors to produce human therapeutic proteins. Human nerve growth factor (hNGF) is an important pharmaceutical protein that is clinically effective in the treatment of many human neuronal and non-neuronal diseases. In this study, we generated 18 transgenic (TG) founder mice each carrying a salivary gland specific promoter-driven hNGF transgene. A TG mouse line secreting high levels of hNGF protein in its saliva (1.36??g/mL) was selected. hNGF protein was successfully purified from the saliva of these TG mice and its identity was verified. The purified hNGF was highly functional as it displayed the ability to induce neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Furthermore, it strongly promoted proliferation of TF1 cells, above the levels observed with mouse NGF. Additionally, saliva collected from TG mice and containing unpurified hNGF was able to significantly enhance the growth of TF1 cells. This study not only provides a new and efficient approach for the synthesis of therapeutic hNGF but also supports the concept that salivary gland from TG animals is an efficient system for production of valuable foreign proteins.

SUBMITTER: Zeng F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5259756 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Production of functional human nerve growth factor from the saliva of transgenic mice by using salivary glands as bioreactors.

Zeng Fang F Li Zicong Z Zhu Qingchun Q Dong Rui R Zhao Chengcheng C Li Guoling G Li Guo G Gao Wenchao W Jiang Gelong G Zheng Enqin E Cai Gengyuan G Moisyadi Stefan S Urschitz Johann J Yang Huaqiang H Liu Dewu D Wu Zhenfang Z

Scientific reports 20170124

The salivary glands of animals have great potential to act as powerful bioreactors to produce human therapeutic proteins. Human nerve growth factor (hNGF) is an important pharmaceutical protein that is clinically effective in the treatment of many human neuronal and non-neuronal diseases. In this study, we generated 18 transgenic (TG) founder mice each carrying a salivary gland specific promoter-driven hNGF transgene. A TG mouse line secreting high levels of hNGF protein in its saliva (1.36 μg/m ...[more]

PMID: 28117418

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Project description:BackgroundNerve growth factor (NGF) contributes to pain in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) stimulates NGF expression in chondrocytes from KOA patients. However, the correlation between synovial TGF-β and NGF levels has not been sufficiently studied in human KOA patients. Further, the mechanism governing NGF regulation by TGF-β in synovial cells is unclear.MethodsDuring total knee arthroplasty, we extracted the synovial tissue (SYT) of 107 subjects with unilateral Kellgren/Lawrence grade 3-4 KOA confirmed by radiography. We examined the distribution of TGF-β and NGF using immunohistochemistry, and analyzed the relationship between NGF and TGFB mRNA levels. Cultured synovial cells extracted from SYT were exposed to culture medium (control), human recombinant TGF-β (rhTGF-β), rhTGF-β + ALK5 inhibitor SB505124, rhTGF-β + transforming growth factor activating kinase 1 (TAK1) inhibitor (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol, or rhTGF-β + p38 inhibitor SB203580 for 30 min, 6 h and 24 h. NGF mRNA expressed by the cultured cells and NGF protein levels in the cell supernatant were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Phosphorylation of p38 was evaluated by western blotting.ResultsNGF mRNA levels were positively correlated with those of TGFB. Cells expressing TGF-β and NGF protein were observed in the lining layer of SYT. TGF-β stimulated increased NGF mRNA expression and NGF protein production. The ALK5 inhibitor completely suppressed the TGF-β-mediated increase in NGF expression and NGF production in synovial cells. ALK5, TAK1 and p38 inhibitors inhibited the TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of p38, and TAK1 and p38 inhibitors partially inhibited the TGF-β-mediated increase in NGF expression and NGF production in synovial cells.ConclusionTGF-β regulates NGF production via the TGF-β/ALK5 signaling pathway in osteoarthritic synovium. This effect may partially occur through inhibition of the TAK1/p38 pathway in the SYT of KOA patients.

Project description:The ability of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 to spread and contaminate is one of the determinants of the COVID-19 pandemic status. SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in saliva consistently, with similar sensitivity to that observed in nasopharyngeal swabs. We conducted ultrasound-guided postmortem biopsies in COVID-19 fatal cases. Samples of salivary glands (SGs; parotid, submandibular, and minor) were obtained. We analyzed samples using RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and histopathological analysis to identify SARS-CoV-2 and elucidate qualitative and quantitative viral profiles in salivary glands. The study included 13 female and 11 male patients, with a mean age of 53.12 years (range 8-83 years). RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 was positive in 30 SG samples from 18 patients (60% of total SG samples and 75% of all cases). Ultrastructural analyses showed spherical 70-100 nm viral particles, consistent in size and shape with the Coronaviridae family, in the ductal lining cell cytoplasm, acinar cells, and ductal lumen of SGs. There was also degeneration of organelles in infected cells and the presence of a cluster of nucleocapsids, which suggests viral replication in SG cells. Qualitative histopathological analysis showed morphologic alterations in the duct lining epithelium characterized by cytoplasmic and nuclear vacuolization, as well as nuclear pleomorphism. Acinar cells showed degenerative changes of the zymogen granules and enlarged nuclei. Ductal epithelium and serous acinar cells showed intense expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS receptors. An anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was positive in 8 (53%) of the 15 tested cases in duct lining epithelial cells and acinar cells of major SGs. Only two minor salivary glands were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by immunohistochemistry. Salivary glands are a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 and provide a pathophysiological background for studies that indicate the use of saliva as a diagnostic method for COVID-19 and highlight this biological fluid's role in spreading the disease. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Dataset Information

Production of functional human nerve growth factor from the saliva of transgenic mice by using salivary glands as bioreactors.

Publications

Production of functional human nerve growth factor from the saliva of transgenic mice by using salivary glands as bioreactors.

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