Poststroke Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Review.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Garton AL
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5263061 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Poststroke Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Review.
Garton Andrew L A AL Sisti Jonathan A JA Gupta Vivek P VP Christophe Brandon R BR Connolly E Sander ES
Stroke 20161208 2
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Project description:Disasters are traumatic events that may result in a wide range of mental and physical health consequences. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is probably the most commonly studied post-disaster psychiatric disorder. This review aimed to systematically assess the evidence about PTSD following exposure to disasters. MethodA systematic search was performed. Eligible studies for this review included reports based on the DSM criteria of PTSD symptoms. The time-frame for inclusion of reports in this review is from 1980 (when PTSD was first introduced in DSM-III) and February 2007 when the literature search for this examination was terminated.We identified 284 reports of PTSD following disasters published in peer-reviewed journals since 1980. We categorized them according to the following classification: (1) human-made disasters (n=90), (2) technological disasters (n=65), and (3) natural disasters (n=116). Since some studies reported on findings from mixed samples (e.g. survivors of flooding and chemical contamination) we grouped these studies together (n=13).The body of research conducted after disasters in the past three decades suggests that the burden of PTSD among persons exposed to disasters is substantial. Post-disaster PTSD is associated with a range of correlates including sociodemographic and background factors, event exposure characteristics, social support factors and personality traits. Relatively few studies have employed longitudinal assessments enabling documentation of the course of PTSD. Methodological limitations and future directions for research in this field are discussed.
| S-EPMC4877688 | biostudies-other
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC1852007 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Although numerous studies on occupational post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been conducted prior to the 1950-2010 seminal systematic review by Skogstad et al., the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of this disorder following traumatic events in occupational settings remain unclear. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by reviewing the literature published after 2010. METHODS:We reviewed literature from databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using PRISMA guidelines to identify studies that address occupational PTSD and examined the status (prevalence or incidence), the risk factors, and the health effects of PTSD among workers. RESULTS:In total, 123 articles were identified, and finally, 31 (25.2%) articles were selected after excluding duplicates. Various occupational traumatic physical events were reported such as natural or manmade disaster, explosion, accident, handling refugee corpses, or bullying at work. Risk of PTSD was closely associated with working conditions, severity of injury, history of mental disorder, occurrence of psychiatric symptoms at the time of the event, personality, interpersonal relationships, etc. Workers with PTSD were likely to experience a deterioration of physical and psychological health and impairment of social and occupational functioning. CONCLUSIONS:Our review suggests that many workers remain highly vulnerable to occupational PTSD and its consequences.
| S-EPMC7245752 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a syndrome which serves as a classic example of psychiatric disorders that result from the intersection of nature and nurture, or gene and environment. By definition, PTSD requires the experience of a traumatic exposure, and yet data suggest that the risk for PTSD in the aftermath of trauma also has a heritable (genetic) component. Thus, PTSD appears to require both a biological (genetic) predisposition that differentially alters how the individual responds to or recovers from trauma exposure. Epigenetics is defined as the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself, and more recently it has come to refer to direct alteration of DNA regulation, but without altering the primary sequence of DNA, or the genetic code. With regards to PTSD, epigenetics provides one way for environmental exposure to be "written" upon the genome, as a direct result of gene and environment (trauma) interactions. This review provides an overview of the main currently understood types of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, histone regulation of chromatin, and noncoding RNA regulation of gene expression. Furthermore, we examine recent literature related to how these methods of epigenetic regulation may be involved in differential risk and resilience for PTSD in the aftermath of trauma.
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| S-EPMC6952751 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundKidney transplantation (KT) is a life-saving therapy for kidney failure. However, KT recipients can suffer from debilitating depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicide. In contrast to PTSD, post-traumatic growth (PTG) is a positive psychologic change in response to a challenging situation. PTG has been studied in other chronic diseases, but less is known about its role in the setting of KT. We sought to elucidate the prevalence, predictors, and the effect of PTSD and PTG on post-KT outcomes. We also considered the roles of benefit finding and resilience.MethodsIn a literature review, we identified publications that examined PTSD, PTG, benefit finding, and/or resilience in KT recipients. We excluded case reports and first-person narratives. Publications meeting the specified criteria after full text review underwent data abstraction and descriptive analysis.ResultsOf the 1013 unique citations identified, 39 publications met our criteria. PTSD was the most common construct evaluated (16 publications). Resilience was studied in 11 publications, PTG in nine, and benefit finding in five. Up to 21% of adult and 42% of pediatric KT recipients may experience PTSD, which is associated with lower quality of life (QOL), impaired sleep, and other psychiatric comorbidity. PTG was associated with improved QOL, kidney function, and reduced risk of organ rejection. Although benefit finding tended to increase post KT, resilience remained stable post KT. Like PTG, resilience was associated with lower psychologic distress and increased treatment adherence and confidence in the health care team.ConclusionsPTG, resilience, and benefit finding appear to reduce the risk of PTSD, promote well-being, and reduce risk of graft failure in KT recipients. Future research to understand these relationships better will allow clinicians and researchers to develop interventions to promote PTG, resilience, and benefit finding, and potentially improve post-transplant outcomes such as adherence and reducing risk of organ rejection.
| S-EPMC9528379 | biostudies-literature
Project description:While diagnosis of PTSD is based on behavioral symptom clusters that are most directly associated with brain function, epigenetic studies of PTSD in humans to date have been limited to peripheral tissues. Animal models of PTSD have been key for understanding the epigenetic alterations in the brain most directly relevant to endophenotypes of PTSD, in particular those pertaining to fear memory and stress response. This chapter provides an overview of neuroepigenetic studies based on animal models of PTSD, with an emphasis on the effect of stress on fear memory. Where relevant, we also describe human-based studies with relevance to neuroepigenetic insights gleaned from animal work and suggest promising directions for future studies of PTSD neuroepigenetics in living humans that combine peripheral epigenetic measures with measures of central nervous system activity, structure and function.
| S-EPMC6474244 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Six hundred and one patients, who sustained injuries in militant activities, admitted during a 7 month period to a zonal referral hospital were studied. The majority, 54.6% from the Armed Forces and 38.8% from the para-military forces, were in the age group of 22-53 years. There were 40 (6.7%) civilian casualties. These were in the age group of 20-45 years. A large number (75.7%) of the casualties manifested with post-traumatic stress symptoms. 24.3% of them were rated as post-traumatic stress disorder. Six months follow-up revealed persistence of post-traumatic stress disorder in 17.1% of the cases. By one year, 42.1% who responded to the follow-up letters had persistence of post-traumatic stress disorder in 4.95%. Early recognition of this psychic trauma and preventive strategies are discussed.
| S-EPMC5530272 | biostudies-other
Project description:Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder that occurs following exposure to traumatic events. Recent evidence suggests that PTSD may be a risk factor for the development of subsequent neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's dementia and Parkinson's disease. Identification of biomarkers known to be associated with neurodegeneration in patients with PTSD would shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these disorders and would also help in the development of preventive strategies for neurodegenerative disorders in PTSD. With this background, the PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for studies designed to identify biomarkers that could be associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders in patients with PTSD. Out of a total of 342 citations retrieved, 29 studies were identified for inclusion in the review. The results of these studies suggest that biomarkers such as cerebral cortical thinning, disrupted white matter integrity, specific genetic polymorphisms, immune-inflammatory alterations, vitamin D deficiency, metabolic syndrome, and objectively documented parasomnias are significantly associated with PTSD and may predict an increased risk of subsequent neurodegenerative disorders. The biological mechanisms underlying these changes, and the interactions between them, are also explored. Though requiring replication, these findings highlight a number of biological pathways that plausibly link PTSD with neurodegenerative disorders and suggest potentially valuable avenues for prevention and early intervention.
| S-EPMC10216622 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBoth attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are complicated illnesses that sometimes co-occur in children and adults with significant negative influence on a person's life and general well-being.AimThis study aims to conduct a systematic review that investigates the comorbidity of PTSD and ADHD in the adult population.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across five electronic databases (PsycNET, Cochrane, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov) between October 5 and 20, 2023, using predefined keywords including "ADHD," "PTSD," and "comorbidity." Studies were included if they involved adult participants (≥ 18 years) with both ADHD and PTSD diagnoses. Two independent reviewers conducted screening and data extraction. No meta-analysis was performed due to heterogeneity in study designs. The results were synthesized qualitatively.ResultsOut of 818 identified studies, 21 met the inclusion criteria. Studies reported an increased risk of developing PTSD in individuals with ADHD, with the prevalence of comorbidity ranging between 28 and 36%. ADHD in PTSD patients was associated with greater psychosocial impairment, more severe PTSD symptoms, and functional difficulties. Treatment approaches, including pharmacotherapy (atomoxetine, Vyvanse) and mindfulness training, showed potential benefits for managing comorbid symptoms.ConclusionsADHD and PTSD commonly co-occur in adults, leading to more severe clinical outcomes. Early diagnosis and effective treatment of ADHD may reduce the risk of developing PTSD. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and optimal treatment strategies for individuals with ADHD/PTSD comorbidity.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42023479631.
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Project description:Studies on the association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and levels of catecholamines have yielded inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether concentrations of the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine are associated with PTSD. This study searched relevant articles in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Psyc-ARTICLES. Each database was searched from its inception to September, 2018. Data related to catecholamine concentrations were extracted for patients with PTSD and the controls to calculate standardized mean differences and to evaluate effect sizes. A meta-analysis was then performed to compare the concentration of each catecholamine between the two groups in blood and/or urine samples. Heterogeneity was quantified using I 2 and its significance was tested using the Q statistics. Subgroup analyses of the types of controls, PTSD assessment tools, and assayed methods used in the studies were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity among studies. Random-effects models were used to combine results from selected studies. A total of 1,388 articles were identified, of which 27 were included in the final analysis. Heterogeneity was high; hence random-effects models were used to combine results of selected studies. Results revealed significantly higher norepinephrine levels in people with PTSD than in the controls [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13 to 0.57, p = 0.002]. No difference was found in dopamine and epinephrine concentrations between the two groups. Elevated norepinephrine levels may be an important indicator for PTSD.
| S-EPMC6288600 | biostudies-literature