Dataset Information

Determinants of Indices of Cerebral Volume in Former Very Premature Infants at Term Equivalent Age.

ABSTRACT: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term equivalent age (TEA) is suggested to be a reliable tool to predict the outcome of very premature infants. The objective of this study was to determine simple reproducible MRI indices, in premature infants and to analyze their neonatal determinants at TEA. A cohort of infants born before 32 weeks gestational age (GA) underwent a MRI at TEA in our center. Two axial images (T2 weighted), were chosen to realize nine measures. We defined 4 linear indices (MAfhlv: thickness of lateral ventricle; CSI: cortex-skull index; VCI: ventricular-cortex index; BOI: bi occipital index) and 1 surface index (VS.A: volume slice area). Perinatal data were recorded. Sixty-nine infants had a GA (median (interquartile range)) of 30.0 weeks GA (27.0; 30.0) and a birth weight of 1240 grams (986; 1477). MRI was done at 41.0 (40.0; 42.0) weeks post menstrual age (PMA). The inter-investigator reproducibility was good. Twenty one MRI (30.5%) were quoted abnormal. We observed an association with retinopathy of prematurity (OR [95CI] = 4.205 [1.231-14.368]; p = 0.017), surgery for patent ductus arteriosus (OR = 4.688 [1.01-21.89]; p = 0.036), early onset infection (OR = 4.688 [1.004-21.889]; p = 0.036) and neonatal treatment by cefotaxime (OR = 3.222 [1.093-9.497]; p = 0.03). There was a difference for VCI between normal and abnormal MRI (0.412 (0.388; 0.429) vs. 0.432 (0.418; 0.449); p = 0,019); BOI was higher when fossa posterior lesions were observed; VS.A seems to be the best surrogate for cerebral volume, 80% of VS.As' variance being explained by a multiple linear regression model including 7 variables (head circumference at birth and at TEA, PMA, dopamine, ibuprofen treatment, blood and platelets transfusions). These indices, easily and rapidly achievable, seem to be useful but need to be validated in a large population to allow generalization for diagnosis and follow-up of former premature infants.

SUBMITTER: Naud A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5268368 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Determinants of Indices of Cerebral Volume in Former Very Premature Infants at Term Equivalent Age.

Naud Aurelie A Schmitt Emmanuelle E Wirth Maelle M Hascoet Jean-Michel JM

PloS one 20170126 1

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term equivalent age (TEA) is suggested to be a reliable tool to predict the outcome of very premature infants. The objective of this study was to determine simple reproducible MRI indices, in premature infants and to analyze their neonatal determinants at TEA. A cohort of infants born before 32 weeks gestational age (GA) underwent a MRI at TEA in our center. Two axial images (T2 weighted), were chosen to realize nine measures. We defined 4 linear ...[more]

PMID: 28125676

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Project description:Very preterm infants (born at less than 32 weeks gestational age) are at high risk for serious motor impairments, including cerebral palsy (CP). The brain network changes that antecede the early development of CP in infants are not well characterized, and a better understanding may suggest new strategies for risk-stratification at term, which could lead to earlier access to therapies. Graph theoretical methods applied to diffusion MRI-derived brain connectomes may help quantify the organization and information transfer capacity of the preterm brain with greater nuance than overt structural or regional microstructural changes. Our aim was to shed light on the pathophysiology of early CP development, before the occurrence of early intervention therapies and other environmental confounders, to help identify the best early biomarkers of CP risk in VPT infants. In a cohort of 395 very preterm infants, we extracted cortical morphometrics and brain volumes from structural MRI and also applied graph theoretical methods to diffusion MRI connectomes, both acquired at term-equivalent age. Metrics from graph network analysis, especially global efficiency, strength values of the major sensorimotor tracts, and local efficiency of the motor nodes and novel non-motor regions were strongly inversely related to early CP diagnosis. These measures remained significantly associated with CP after correction for common risk factors of motor development, suggesting that metrics of brain network efficiency at term may be sensitive biomarkers for early CP detection. We demonstrate for the first time that in VPT infants, early CP diagnosis is anteceded by decreased brain network segregation in numerous nodes, including motor regions commonly-associated with CP and also novel regions that may partially explain the high rate of cognitive impairments concomitant with CP diagnosis. These advanced MRI biomarkers may help identify the highest risk infants by term-equivalent age, facilitating earlier interventions that are informed by early pathophysiological changes.

Project description:BackgroundRisk of morbidity differs between very preterm (VP; <32 weeks' gestational age (GA)), moderate preterm (MP; 32-33 weeks' GA), late preterm (LP; 34-36 weeks' GA), and full-term (FT; ≥37 weeks' GA) infants. However, brain structure at term-equivalent age (TEA; 38-44 weeks) remains to be characterised in all clinically important GA groups. We aimed to compare global and regional brain volumes, and regional white matter microstructure, between VP, MP, LP and FT groups at TEA, in order to establish the magnitude and anatomical locations of between-group differences.MethodsStructural images from 328 infants (91 VP, 63 MP, 104 LP and 70 FT) were segmented into white matter, cortical grey matter, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), subcortical grey matter, brainstem and cerebellum. Global tissue volumes were analysed, and additionally, cortical grey matter and white matter volumes were analysed at the regional level using voxel-based morphometry. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) images from 361 infants (92 VP, 69 MP, 120 LP and 80 FT) were analysed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. Statistical analyses involved examining the overall effect of GA group on global volumes (using linear regressions) and regional volumes and microstructure (using non-parametric permutation testing), as well performing post-hoc comparisons between the GA sub-groups.ResultsOn global analysis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume was larger in all preterm sub-groups compared with the FT group. On regional analysis, volume was smaller in parts of the temporal cortical grey matter, and parts of the temporal white matter and corpus callosum, in all preterm sub-groups compared with the FT group. FA was lower, and RD and MD were higher in voxels located in much of the white matter in all preterm sub-groups compared with the FT group. The anatomical locations of group differences were similar for each preterm vs. FT comparison, but the magnitude and spatial extent of group differences was largest for the VP, followed by the MP, and then the LP comparison. Comparing within the preterm groups, the VP sub-group had smaller frontal and temporal grey and white matter volume, and lower FA and higher MD and RD within voxels in the approximate location of the corpus callosum compared with the MP sub-group. There were few volume and microstructural differences between the MP and LP sub-groups.ConclusionAll preterm sub-groups had atypical brain volume and microstructure at TEA when compared with a FT group, particularly for the CSF, temporal grey and white matter, and corpus callosum. In general, the groups followed a gradient, where the differences were most pronounced for the VP group, less pronounced for the MP group, and least pronounced for the LP group. The VP sub-group was particularly vulnerable compared with the MP and LP sub-groups.

Project description:Background and purposeCurrently available MRI scoring systems of cerebral maturation in term and preterm infant at term equivalent age do not include the changes of transient fetal compartments that persist to term age. We studied the visibility and the pattern of these structures in healthy term newborns compared to preterm infants at term equivalent age in order to investigate if they can be included in a new MRI score system. We hypothesized that transient fetal compartments are different in both groups, and that these differences can be characterized using the clinical T2-weighted MRIs.Materials and methodsUsing 3T MRI T2-weighted brain sequences of 21 full-term and 41 preterm infants (< 32 weeks), scanned at term equivalent age, 3 raters independently scored the maturation level of 3 transient fetal compartments: the periventricular crossroads, von Monakow segments of the white matter, and the subplate compartment. These 3 new items were included in a scoring system along with validated parameters of brain maturation (germinal matrix, bands of migration, subarachnoid space and quality of gyrification). A cumulative maturity score was calculated separately for both groups of newborns by adding together each item. More mature were the brain structures, higher was the cumulative maturity score.ResultsCumulative maturity score distinguished full-term from preterm infants (mean score 41/60 ± 1.4 versus 37/60 ± 2.5 points, p < 0.001), with an increase of 0.5 points for each supplemental gestational week at birth (r = 0.5, 95% CI 0.5 - 0.85). While a majority of transient fetal compartments were less mature in preterm group at term equivalent age, von Monakow segments of the white matter and subplate compartment presented a more advanced maturational stage in the preterm group compared to the term group. No subject had all scored items in the most mature state. Except a slight intra-rater agreement for von Monakow segment II, inter- and intra-rater agreements were moderate to excellent indicating the potential of the developed scoring system in routine clinical practice.ConclusionBrain transient fetal structures can be assessed on regular T2-weighted MRI in newborns. Their appearance differs between term and preterm babies. However our results suggest a more complex situation, with both delayed and accelerated maturation pattern in preterm infants. It remains to be determined if these differences could be biomarkers of the future neurodevelopment of preterm infants.

Dataset Information

Determinants of Indices of Cerebral Volume in Former Very Premature Infants at Term Equivalent Age.

Publications

Determinants of Indices of Cerebral Volume in Former Very Premature Infants at Term Equivalent Age.

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