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Breastfeeding, Mixed, or Formula Feeding at 9 Months of Age and the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Two Cohorts of Infants in China.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:To assess associations between breastfeeding and iron status at 9 months of age in 2 samples of Chinese infants. STUDY DESIGN:Associations between feeding at 9 months of age (breastfed as sole milk source, mixed fed, or formula fed) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), iron deficiency, and iron sufficiency were determined in infants from Zhejiang (n = 142) and Hebei (n=?813) provinces. Iron deficiency was defined as body iron?

SUBMITTER: Clark KM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5274569 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Breastfeeding, Mixed, or Formula Feeding at 9 Months of Age and the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Two Cohorts of Infants in China.

Clark Katy M KM Li Ming M Zhu Bingquan B Liang Furong F Shao Jie J Zhang Yueyang Y Ji Chai C Zhao Zhengyan Z Kaciroti Niko N Lozoff Betsy B

The Journal of pediatrics 20161108

<h4>Objective</h4>To assess associations between breastfeeding and iron status at 9 months of age in 2 samples of Chinese infants.<h4>Study design</h4>Associations between feeding at 9 months of age (breastfed as sole milk source, mixed fed, or formula fed) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), iron deficiency, and iron sufficiency were determined in infants from Zhejiang (n = 142) and Hebei (n= 813) provinces. Iron deficiency was defined as body iron < 0 mg/kg, and IDA as iron deficiency + hemoglob ...[more]

PMID: 27836288

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Iron deficiency, its epidemiological features and feeding practices among infants aged 12 months in Qatar: a cross-sectional study.

Project description:ObjectivesTo estimate the magnitude of anaemia, iron deficiency (ID), iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and to explore epidemiological features of ID and feeding practices among infants aged 12 months in Qatar.SettingWell baby clinics in 14 randomly selected primary healthcare centres covering all geographical areas on the national level.ParticipantsThree hundred and six (163 male and 143 female) infants of all nationalities were enrolled. Mothers were asked to complete a predesigned interview questionnaire and infants were blood tested for anaemia, ID and IDA.Outcome measuresCut-off point used to diagnose anaemia was haemoglobin <11.1?g/dL, and to diagnose ID, serum ferritin <6?ug/L with normal C reactive protein.ResultsPrevalence of anaemia was 23.5%, ID was 9.2% and IDA was 7.8%. ID was more prevalent among non-Qatari infants compared with Qatari (10.9% vs1.7%, p=0.029), more prevalent among infants born to housewives and to families of low income (p?0.05). With regard to feeding practice, ID was higher in infants who continued breastfeeding until the age of 1?year and among those who never took infant formula milk (p?0.05). Mothers who received infant feeding counselling had less ID occurrence among their infants compared with their counterparts who did not receive such counselling (4.2%vs13.4%, p=0.005).ConclusionAlthough ID and IDA among infants in Qatar are less prevalent compared with many developing countries, still further efforts are needed for improvement towards more developed countries. Efforts should be contextualised and should target the key epidemiological features with special emphasis on infant feeding and infant feeding counselling to mothers.

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Breastfeeding infants transmit influenza virus to the mammary glands during feeding

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2015-09-10 | GSE63084 | GEO

Iron refractory iron deficiency anemia.

Project description:Iron refractory iron deficiency anemia is a hereditary recessive anemia due to a defect in the TMPRSS6 gene encoding Matriptase-2. This protein is a transmembrane serine protease that plays an essential role in down-regulating hepcidin, the key regulator of iron homeostasis. Hallmarks of this disease are microcytic hypochromic anemia, low transferrin saturation and normal/high serum hepcidin values. The anemia appears in the post-natal period, although in some cases it is only diagnosed in adulthood. The disease is refractory to oral iron treatment but shows a slow response to intravenous iron injections and partial correction of the anemia. To date, 40 different Matriptase-2 mutations have been reported, affecting all the functional domains of the large ectodomain of the protein. In vitro experiments on transfected cells suggest that Matriptase-2 cleaves Hemojuvelin, a major regulator of hepcidin expression and that this function is altered in this genetic form of anemia. In contrast to the low/undetectable hepcidin levels observed in acquired iron deficiency, in patients with Matriptase-2 deficiency, serum hepcidin is inappropriately high for the low iron status and accounts for the absent/delayed response to oral iron treatment. A challenge for the clinicians and pediatricians is the recognition of the disorder among iron deficiency and other microcytic anemias commonly found in pediatric patients. The current treatment of iron refractory iron deficiency anemia is based on parenteral iron administration; in the future, manipulation of the hepcidin pathway with the aim of suppressing it might become an alternative therapeutic approach.

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Iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia.

Project description:Iron is essential for life because it is indispensable for several biological reactions, such as oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation. Over the past few years, our understanding of iron metabolism and its regulation has changed dramatically. New disorders of iron metabolism have emerged, and the role of iron as a cofactor in other disorders has begun to be recognized. The study of genetic conditions such as hemochromatosis and iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) has provided crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling iron homeostasis. In the future, these advances may be exploited to improve treatment of both genetic and acquired iron disorders. IRIDA is caused by mutations in TMPRSS6, the gene encoding matriptase-2, which downregulates hepcidin expression under conditions of iron deficiency. The typical features of this disorder are hypochromic, microcytic anemia with a very low mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes, low transferrin saturation, no (or inadequate) response to oral iron, and only a partial response to parenteral iron. In contrast to classic iron deficiency anemia, serum ferritin levels are usually low-normal, and serum or urinary hepcidin levels are inappropriately high for the degree of anemia. Although the number of cases reported thus far in the literature does not exceed 100, this disorder is considered the most common of the "atypical" microcytic anemias. The aim of this review is to share the current knowledge on IRIDA and increase awareness in this field.

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Breastfeeding infants transmit influenza virus to the mammary glands during feeding

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series

2015-09-10 | E-GEOD-63084 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Environmental Impact of Feeding with Infant Formula in Comparison with Breastfeeding.

Project description:Young children have unique nutritional requirements, and breastfeeding is the best option to support healthy growth and development. Concerns have been raised around the increasing use of milk-based infant formulas in replacement of breastfeeding, in regards to health, social, economic and environmental factors. However, literature on the environmental impact of infant formula feeding and breastfeeding is scarce. In this study we estimated the environmental impact of four months exclusive feeding with infant formula compared to four months exclusive breastfeeding in a Norwegian setting. We used life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, including the impact categories global warming potential, terrestrial acidification, marine and freshwater eutrophication, and land use. We found that the environmental impact of four months exclusive feeding with infant formula was 35-72% higher than that of four months exclusive breastfeeding, depending on the impact category. For infant formula, cow milk was the main contributor to total score for all impact categories. The environmental impact of breastfeeding was dependant on the composition of the lactating mother's diet. In conclusion, we found that breastfeeding has a lower environmental impact than feeding with infant formula. A limitation of the study is the use of secondary LCA data for raw ingredients and processes.

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Cardiac transcriptome in iron-deficiency anemia

Project description:Purpose: The goal of this study was to probe for the effects of iron-deficiency anemia on the cardiac transciprtome using RNA-seq Methods: C57B6 mice were weaned onto a control or iron-deficient diet for 6 weeks. Hearts were removed and total mRNA was submitted for RNA-seq. Sequencing data was aligned using STAR and differetial gene expression analysis conducted in R using EdgeR and DESeq2. qRT–PCR validation for genes of interest was performed using TaqMan and SYBR Green assays. Results: We mapped about 24 million sequence reads per sample to the mouse genome (build mm10) and identified 13,590 transcripts in the hearts of control and iron-deficient mice after removing lowly expressed genes and PCR duplicates. Differential gene expression analysis showed approximately 78% downregulated and 22% upregulated genes in iron-deficiency anemia compared to controls. PCA plot showed control and iron-deficient hearts clustering in two distinct and separate clusters. Conclusions: Our study represents the first whole-transcriptomic study on cardiac samples obtained from iron-deficient and anemic mice, with biologic replicates, generated by RNA-seq technology. The RNA-seq data presented here can be used by others to explore which pathways are affected by iron-deficiency anemia

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Breastfeeding infants transmit influenza virus to the mammary glands during feeding [Dataset Part II]

Project description:Influenza virus transmission between mothers and nursing-infants has not been investigated although mothers and infants often develop severe disease. Ferrets are considered the most appropriate model for influenza studies. We investigated influenza transmission in infant and nursing-mother ferrets. Influenza infected infants transmitted virus to mother mammary glands leading to live virus excretion in milk and influenza virus positive mammary gland epithelial cells. Global gene expression analysis showed down-regulation of milk production and induction of breast involution and oncogenesis pathways. Our results provide insight into influenza transmission between mothers and infants which may impact fields of infectious disease, maternal/infant health and neoplasm etiology.

2015-09-10 | GSE63083 | GEO

Breastfeeding infants transmit influenza virus to the mammary glands during feeding [Dataset Part I]

2015-09-10 | GSE63082 | GEO

Transferrin Saturation/Hepcidin Ratio Discriminates TMPRSS6-Related Iron Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia from Patients with Multi-Causal Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Project description:Pathogenic TMPRSS6 variants impairing matriptase-2 function result in inappropriately high hepcidin levels relative to body iron status, leading to iron refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA). As diagnosing IRIDA can be challenging due to its genotypical and phenotypical heterogeneity, we assessed the transferrin saturation (TSAT)/hepcidin ratio to distinguish IRIDA from multi-causal iron deficiency anemia (IDA). We included 20 IRIDA patients from a registry for rare inherited iron disorders and then enrolled 39 controls with IDA due to other causes. Plasma hepcidin-25 levels were measured by standardized isotope dilution mass spectrometry. IDA controls had not received iron therapy in the last 3 months and C-reactive protein levels were <10.0 mg/L. IRIDA patients had significantly lower TSAT/hepcidin ratios compared to IDA controls, median 0.6%/nM (interquartile range, IQR, 0.4-1.1%/nM) and 16.7%/nM (IQR, 12.0-24.0%/nM), respectively. The area under the curve for the TSAT/hepcidin ratio was 1.000 with 100% sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence intervals 84-100% and 91-100%, respectively) at an optimal cut-off point of 5.6%/nM. The TSAT/hepcidin ratio shows excellent performance in discriminating IRIDA from TMPRSS6-unrelated IDA early in the diagnostic work-up of IDA provided that recent iron therapy and moderate-to-severe inflammation are absent. These observations warrant further exploration in a broader IDA population.

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