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Effects of Father-Neonate Skin-to-Skin Contact on Attachment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

ABSTRACT: This study examines how skin-to-skin contact between father and newborn affects the attachment relationship. A randomized controlled trial was conducted at a regional teaching hospital and a maternity clinic in northern Taiwan. The study recruited 83 first-time fathers aged 20 years or older. By block randomization, participants were allocated to an experimental (n = 41) or a control (n = 42) group. With the exception of skin-to-skin contact (SSC), participants from each group received the same standard care. Both groups also received an Early Childcare for Fathers nursing pamphlet. During the first three days postpartum, the intervention group members were provided a daily SSC intervention with their respective infants. Each intervention session lasted at least 15 minutes in length. The outcome measure was the Father-Child Attachment Scale (FCAS). After adjusting for demographic data, the changes to the mean FCAS were found to be significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group. We recommend that nurses and midwives use instructional leaflets and demonstrations during postpartum hospitalization, encouraging new fathers to take an active role in caring for their newborn in order to enhance father-neonate interactions and establish parental confidence. This trial is registered with clinical trial registration number NCT02886767.

SUBMITTER: Chen EM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5282438 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of Father-Neonate Skin-to-Skin Contact on Attachment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Chen Er-Mei EM Gau Meei-Ling ML Liu Chieh-Yu CY Lee Tzu-Ying TY

Nursing research and practice 20170117

This study examines how skin-to-skin contact between father and newborn affects the attachment relationship. A randomized controlled trial was conducted at a regional teaching hospital and a maternity clinic in northern Taiwan. The study recruited 83 first-time fathers aged 20 years or older. By block randomization, participants were allocated to an experimental (<i>n</i> = 41) or a control (<i>n</i> = 42) group. With the exception of skin-to-skin contact (SSC), participants from each group rece ...[more]

PMID: 28194281

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Project description:BackgroundSkin-to-skin contact (SSC) is an evidence-based intervention that benefits low birth weight /preterm infants. However, China's health institutional policy inhibits parents from visiting their baby in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In addition, the Chinese traditional postpartum behavioral practice of confining women to home raises barriers to mother-infant contact. Thus, to shorten the duration of parent-infant separation, father-infant SSC is considered a possible alternative. This study determines whether it is safe to perform father-infant SSC in the NICU and investigates how paternal SSC affects outcomes compared with traditional care (TC) for moderately preterm infants.Methods/designA randomized controlled trial will be used to investigate the effects of paternal-infant SSC in NICU wards in China. Preterm infants born at a gestational age in the range of 320-346 weeks with a birth weight > 1500 g will be eligible. A simple random sampling method will be used to allocate infants to the SSC group (n = 25) or the TC group (n = 25). After medical stability, infants in the SSC group will be provided SSC by fathers for one hour every day until discharged from hospital. The primary outcome is neurodevelopmental measures, specifically salivary cortisol and Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) during hospitalization. At 40 weeks of corrected age, infants will be assessed using the Infant Neurological International Battery (INFANIB) and neuroimaging. Secondary outcomes include infants' physiological stability during SSC and throughout hospitalization and state observation at discharge. The fathers' mental health will be assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) 1 day to 3 days after the infant's admission to the NICU and at discharge. Father-infant attachment will be evaluated at 4 and 6 months after the infants' discharge, measured by the Paternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (PPAS). Statistical analyses will be conducted using a two-sided significance level of 0.05.DiscussionThe effects of paternal-infant SSC on moderately preterm infants will be assessed. The data gathered in this study may have important implications for medical practice and policy in the NICU regarding the care methods of premature infants in China.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IOR-1701274 . Registered on 20 September 2017. Retrospectively registered.

Project description:Skin-to-skin care immediately following delivery is a common practice for term infants and has been shown to improve cardiorespiratory stability, facilitate early bonding, and promote breastfeeding. Since 2007, the use of skin-to-skin care has been practiced for preterm infants from 32 weeks of gestation in the delivery room at St. Olav's University Hospital. In the present study we aim to investigate whether skin-to-skin care following delivery is safe, and how it affects early and late outcomes compared to standard care for very preterm infants.A randomized controlled trial (RCT) of skin-to-skin care in the delivery room for very preterm infants born at gestational age 280-316 weeks with birth weight >1000 grams. Infants with severe congenital malformations or need of intubation in the delivery room are excluded. A detailed checklist and a flowchart were prepared for the study, and all involved professionals (neonatologists, neonatal nurses, obstetricians, anesthesiologists, midwives) participated in medical simulation training prior to study start on February 1, 2014. A consultant in neonatology and a neonatal nurse are present at all deliveries. Infants with birth weight <1500 grams receive an intravenous line with glucose, amino acids, and caffeine citrate in the delivery room. Infants with gestational age <30 weeks are routinely put on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). After initial stabilization, infants are randomized to skin-to-skin care or are transferred to the nursery in an incubator. Primary outcome is cognitive development at 2 years measured with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition. Secondary outcomes are safety defined as hypothermia, respiratory failure, and/or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, physiological stability after birth and motor, language and cognitive development at 1 year for the child, and mental health measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at discharge, and at 3 months and 2 years after expected date of delivery for the mothers.The study may have important implications for the initial care for very preterm infants after delivery and increase our understanding of how early skin-to-skin care affects preterm infants and their mothers.ClinicalTrials, NCT02024854 . Registered on 19 December 2013.

Project description:This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of a 5-week daily skin-to-skin contact (SSC) intervention between mothers and their full-term infants, compared with care-as-usual, on exclusive and continued breastfeeding duration during the first post-natal year. Healthy pregnant women (n = 116) from a community sample were enrolled and randomly allocated to the SSC or care-as-usual condition. SSC mothers were requested to provide one daily hour of SSC for the first five post-natal weeks. Twelve months post-partum, mothers indicated the number of exclusive and continued breastfeeding months. Multiple regression analyses were conducted using intention-to-treat, per-protocol and exploratory dose-response frameworks. In intention-to-treat analyses, exclusive and continued breastfeeding duration was not different between groups (exclusive: 3.61 ± 1.99 vs. 3.16 ± 1.77 months; adjusted mean difference 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.33 to 0.89; p = 0.36; continued: 7.98 ± 4.20 vs. 6.75 ± 4.06 months; adjusted mean difference 0.81, 95% CI -0.46 to 2.08; p = 0.21). In per-protocol analyses, exclusive and continued breastfeeding duration was longer for SSC than care-as-usual dyads (exclusive: 4.89 ± 1.26 vs. 3.25 ± 1.80 months; adjusted mean difference 1.28, 95% CI 0.31-2.24; p = 0.01; continued: 10.81 ± 1.97 vs. 6.98 ± 4.08 months; adjusted mean difference 2.33, 95% CI 0.13-4.54; p = 0.04). Exploratory dose-response effects indicated that more SSC hours predicted longer exclusive and continued breastfeeding duration. This study demonstrates that for the total group, the 5-week daily SSC intervention did not extend exclusive and continued breastfeeding duration. However, for mothers performing a regular daily hour of SSC, this simple and accessible intervention may extend exclusive and continued breastfeeding duration by months. Future studies are required to confirm these promising findings. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register (NTR5697).

Project description:BackgroundMaternal-fetal attachment (MFA) has been reported to be associated with the postpartum mother-infant relationship. Seeing the fetus through ultrasound might influence MFA, and the effect could be increased by more realistic images, such as those generated in virtual reality (VR).ObjectiveThe aim was to determine the effect of fetal images generated in VR on MFA and depressive symptoms through a prenatal-coaching mobile app.MethodsThis 2-arm parallel randomized controlled trial involved a total of 80 pregnant women. Eligible women were randomly assigned to either a mobile app-only group (n=40) or an app plus VR group (n=40). The VR group experienced their own baby's images generated in VR based on images obtained from fetal ultrasonography. The prenatal-coaching mobile app recommended health behavior for the pregnant women according to gestational age, provided feedback on entered data for maternal weight, blood pressure, and glucose levels, and included a private diary service for fetal ultrasound images. Both groups received the same app, but the VR group also viewed fetal images produced in VR; these images were stored in the app. All participants filled out questionnaires to assess MFA, depressive symptoms, and other basic medical information. The questionnaires were filled out again after the interventions.ResultsBasic demographic data were comparable between the 2 groups. Most of the assessments showed comparable results for the 2 groups, but the mean score to assess interaction with the fetus was significantly higher for the VR group than the control group (0.4 vs 0.1, P=.004). The proportion of participants with an increased score for this category after the intervention was significantly higher in the VR group than the control group (43% vs 13%, P=.005). The feedback questionnaire revealed that scores for the degree of perception of fetal appearance all increased after the intervention in the VR group.ConclusionsThe use of a mobile app with fetal images in VR significantly increased maternal interaction with the fetus.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04942197; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04942197.

Project description:Decolonization with topical antibiotics is necessary to control outbreaks of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), but can trigger bacterial resistance. The objective of this study was to determine whether skin-to-skin contact of newborns colonized with Methicillin-Oxacillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Methicillin-Oxacillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MRSE) with their mothers could be an effective alternative to promote bacterial decolonization of newborns' nostrils.We performed a randomized clinical trial with 102 newborns admitted to the NICU in three hospitals in São Luís, Brazil. Inclusion criteria were birth weight of 1300 to 1800 g, more than 4 days of hospitalization, newborns with positive nostril cultures for MRSA and/or multidrug-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and mothers not colonized by these bacteria. We used a random number algorithm for randomization. Allocation was performed using sealed opaque envelopes. Skin-to-skin contact was given twice a day for 60 minutes for seven consecutive days. The control group received routine care without skin-to-skin contact. There was no masking of newborn's mothers or researchers but the individuals who carried out bacterial cultures and assessed results were kept blind to group allocation. The primary outcome was colonization status of newborns' nostrils after 7 days of intervention. The directional hypothesis was that more newborns who receive skin-to-skin holding 2 hours/day for 7 days than newborns who receive normal care will be decolonized.Decolonization of MRSA/MRSE was greater in the intervention group (Risk Ratio?=?2.27; 95% CI 1.27-4.07, p-value?=?0.003). Number Needed to Treat (NNT) was 4.0 (95% CI 2.2 - 9.4). After adjustment for the possible confounding effects of small for gestational age birth, antibiotic use, need for resuscitation, sex and cesarean delivery, skin-to-skin contact remained strongly associated with decolonization of newborns' nostrils from MRSA/MRSE bacteria (p?=?0.007). There was no need to interrupt the trial for safety reasons.Skin-to-skin contact might be an effective and safe method for promoting decolonization of newborns' nostrils colonized by MRSA/MRSE.The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01498133 , November 21, 2011).

Dataset Information

Effects of Father-Neonate Skin-to-Skin Contact on Attachment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

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Effects of Father-Neonate Skin-to-Skin Contact on Attachment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

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