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The impact of variable commitment in the Naming Game on consensus formation.

ABSTRACT: The Naming Game has proven to be an important model of opinion dynamics in complex networks. It is significantly enriched by the introduction of nodes committed to a single opinion. The resulting model is still simple but captures core concepts of opinion dynamics in networks. This model limitation is rigid commitment which never changes. Here we study the effect that making commitment variable has on the dynamics of the system. Committed nodes are assigned a commitment strength, w, defining their willingness to lose (in waning), gain (for increasing) or both (in variable) commitment to an opinion. Such model has committed nodes that can stick to a single opinion for some time without losing their flexibility to change it in the long run. The traditional Naming Game corresponds to setting w at infinity. A change in commitment strength impacts the critical fraction of population necessary for a minority consensus. Increasing w lowers critical fraction for waning commitment but increases this fraction for increasing commitment. Further, we show that if different nodes have different values of w, higher standard deviation of w increases the critical fraction for waning commitment and decrease this fraction for increasing commitment.

SUBMITTER: Niu X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5288711 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The impact of variable commitment in the Naming Game on consensus formation.

Niu Xiang X Doyle Casey C Korniss Gyorgy G Szymanski Boleslaw K BK

Scientific reports 20170202

The Naming Game has proven to be an important model of opinion dynamics in complex networks. It is significantly enriched by the introduction of nodes committed to a single opinion. The resulting model is still simple but captures core concepts of opinion dynamics in networks. This model limitation is rigid commitment which never changes. Here we study the effect that making commitment variable has on the dynamics of the system. Committed nodes are assigned a commitment strength, w, defining the ...[more]

PMID: 28150714

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Although chiefly a B-lymphocyte disorder, several research groups have identified common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) subjects with numeric and/or functional TH cell alterations. The causes, interrelationships, and consequences of CVID-associated CD4+ T-cell derangements to hypogammaglobulinemia, autoantibody production, or both remain unclear. OBJECTIVE:We sought to determine how circulating CD4+ T cells are altered in CVID subjects with autoimmune cytopenias (AICs; CVID+AIC) and the causes of these derangements. METHODS:Using hypothesis-generating, high-dimensional single-cell analyses, we created comprehensive phenotypic maps of circulating CD4+ T cells. Differences between subject groups were confirmed in a large and genetically diverse cohort of CVID subjects (n = 69) by using flow cytometry, transcriptional profiling, multiplex cytokine/chemokine detection, and a suite of in vitro functional assays measuring naive T-cell differentiation, B-cell/T-cell cocultures, and regulatory T-cell suppression. RESULTS:Although CD4+ TH cell profiles from healthy donors and CVID subjects without AICs were virtually indistinguishable, T cells from CVID+AIC subjects exhibited follicular features as early as thymic egress. Follicular skewing correlated with IgA deficiency-associated endotoxemia and endotoxin-induced expression of activin A and inducible T-cell costimulator ligand. The resulting enlarged circulating follicular helper T-cell population from CVID+AIC subjects provided efficient help to receptive healthy donor B cells but not unresponsive CVID B cells. Despite this, circulating follicular helper T cells from CVID+AIC subjects exhibited aberrant transcriptional profiles and altered chemokine/cytokine receptor expression patterns that interfered with regulatory T-cell suppression assays and were associated with autoantibody production. CONCLUSIONS:Endotoxemia is associated with early commitment to the follicular T-cell lineage in IgA-deficient CVID subjects, particularly those with AICs.

Dataset Information

The impact of variable commitment in the Naming Game on consensus formation.

Publications

The impact of variable commitment in the Naming Game on consensus formation.

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