Recombinant Haplotypes Narrow the ARMS2/HTRA1 Association Signal for Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Grassmann F
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5289859 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Recombinant Haplotypes Narrow the ARMS2/HTRA1 Association Signal for Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
Grassmann Felix F Heid Iris M IM Weber Bernhard H F BH
Genetics 20161122 2
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in ageing societies, triggered by both environmental and genetic factors. The strongest genetic signal for AMD with odds ratios of up to 2.8 per adverse allele was found previously over a chromosomal region in 10q26 harboring two genes, ARMS2 and HTRA1, although with little knowledge as to which gene or genetic variation is functionally relevant to AMD pathology. In this study, we analyzed rare recombinant haplotypes in 16, ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundSingle-variant associations with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the most prevalent causes of irreversible vision loss worldwide, have been studied extensively. However, because of a lack of refinement of these associations, there remains considerable ambiguity regarding what constitutes genetic risk and/or protection for this disease, and how genetic combinations affect this risk. In this study, we consider the two most common and strongly AMD-associated loci, the CFH-CFHR5 region on chromosome 1q32 (Chr1 locus) and ARMS2/HTRA1 gene on chromosome 10q26 (Chr10 locus).ResultsBy refining associations within the CFH-CFHR5 locus, we show that all genetic protection against the development of AMD in this region is described by the combination of the amino acid-altering variant CFH I62V (rs800292) and genetic deletion of CFHR3/1. Haplotypes based on CFH I62V, a CFHR3/1 deletion tagging SNP and the risk variant CFH Y402H are associated with either risk, protection or neutrality for AMD and capture more than 99% of control- and case-associated chromosomes. We find that genetic combinations of CFH-CFHR5 haplotypes (diplotypes) strongly influence AMD susceptibility and that individuals with risk/protective diplotypes are substantially protected against the development of disease. Finally, we demonstrate that AMD risk in the ARMS2/HTRA1 locus is also mitigated by combinations of CFH-CFHR5 haplotypes, with Chr10 risk variants essentially neutralized by protective CFH-CFHR5 haplotypes.ConclusionsOur study highlights the importance of considering protective CFH-CFHR5 haplotypes when assessing genetic susceptibility for AMD. It establishes a framework that describes the full spectrum of AMD susceptibility using an optimal set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms with known functional consequences. It also indicates that protective or preventive complement-directed therapies targeting AMD driven by CFH-CFHR5 risk haplotypes may also be effective when AMD is driven by ARMS2/HTRA1 risk variants.
| S-EPMC8466924 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo determine if genetic variants that have been associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have a differential effect on the risk of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and geographic atrophy.DesignGenetic association study.MethodsSettingMulticenter study.Study populationSeven hundred forty-nine participants with geographic atrophy and 3209 participants with CNV were derived from 4 AMD studies with similar procedures from Tufts Medical Center, the Age-Related Eye Disease Study, University of Utah, and Hopital Intercommunal de Creteil.ProceduresAMD grade was assigned based on fundus photography and examination using the clinical age-related maculopathy staging system. All samples were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with AMD. Allele frequencies were compared between participants with CNV and geographic atrophy using PLINK within each cohort and Mantel-Haenszel meta-analysis was performed to combine odds ratios (OR).Main outcome measuresDifferences in allele frequencies between participants with geographic atrophy and CNV.ResultsThe frequency of the T allele of ARMS2/HTRA1 rs10490924 was significantly higher in participants with CNV than in those with geographic atrophy (OR, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-1.54; P value = 4.2 × 10(-7)). This result remained statistically significant when excluding individuals who had geographic atrophy in 1 eye and CNV in the contralateral eye (P = 2.2 × 10(-4)). None of the other SNPs showed a significant differential effect for CNV vs geographic atrophy, including CFH, C2/CFB, C3, CFI, LIPC, and TIMP3.ConclusionsGenetic variation at the ARMS2/HTRA1 locus confers a differential risk for CNV vs geographic atrophy in a well-powered sample.
| S-EPMC3763907 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Genetic variants at chromosomes 1q31-32 and 10q26 are strongly associated with susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common blinding disease of the elderly. We demonstrate, by evaluating 45 tag SNPs spanning HTRA1, PLEKHA1, and predicted gene LOC387715/ARMS2, that rs10490924 SNP alone, or a variant in strong linkage disequilibrium, can explain the bulk of association between the 10q26 chromosomal region and AMD. A previously suggested causal SNP, rs11200638, and other examined SNPs in the region are only indirectly associated with the disease. Contrary to previous reports, we show that rs11200638 SNP has no significant impact on HTRA1 promoter activity in three different cell lines, and HTRA1 mRNA expression exhibits no significant change between control and AMD retinas. However, SNP rs10490924 shows the strongest association with AMD (P = 5.3 x 10(-30)), revealing an estimated relative risk of 2.66 for GT heterozygotes and 7.05 for TT homozygotes. The rs10490924 SNP results in nonsynonymous A69S alteration in the predicted protein LOC387715/ARMS2, which has a highly conserved ortholog in chimpanzee, but not in other vertebrate sequences. We demonstrate that LOC387715/ARMS2 mRNA is detected in the human retina and various cell lines and encodes a 12-kDa protein, which localizes to the mitochondrial outer membrane when expressed in mammalian cells. We propose that rs10490924 represents a major susceptibility variant for AMD at 10q26. A likely biological mechanism is that the A69S change in the LOC387715/ARMS2 protein affects its presumptive function in mitochondria.
| S-EPMC1987388 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo investigate the association between the serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and variants in age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2)/HtrA serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) genes in normal subjects with no evidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).MethodsAfter clinical evaluation, information related to medical and social history was collected from 476 Japanese individuals (age range 17-89 years) along with blood samples. These subjects were medical checkup participants recruited at Nagoya University Hospital with no macular disease, as confirmed by fundus photographs. Serum hs-CRP levels were measured using a highly sensitive latex aggregation immunoassay. The genotypes of three polymorphisms in the ARMS2/HTRA1 locus, i.e., *372_815del443ins54 (del/ins), rs10490924, and rs11200638 were determined using direct sequencing and/or PCR-based assays. After the haplotype was constructed and analyzed, the associations between hs-CRP levels and representative del/ins genotypes were studied with and without adjustment for potential confounding factors.ResultsAll three polymorphisms in the ARMS2/HTRA1 region were in almost complete linkage disequilibrium. Haplotype analyses showed the existence of only two common haplotypes, together comprising 98.9%. Regression analyses showed that the level of hs-CRP was positively correlated with increasing age. This age-dependent increase of hs-CRP levels was greatest in those with homozygous del/ins alleles and lowest in those with homozygous wild-type alleles, which was significant assuming an additive model for gene-dosage association (univariate analyses: p=0.016, multivariate analyses including smoking status, past medical history, and BMI: p=0.043). Consequently, the level of hs-CRP was greatest in those with homozygous del/ins alleles and lowest in those with homozygous wild-type alleles when subjects older than 60 were analyzed. This was significant assuming an additive model for gene-dosage association (univariate analyses: p=0.032).ConclusionsAn age-dependent elevation of serum hs-CRP levels may be accelerated in normal subjects with one or two risk alleles in the ARMS2/HTRA1 locus compared to those with homozygous wild-type alleles. The results of the current study show that the as-yet undetermined function of variants in the ARMS2/HTRA1 locus might be linked to inflammation, possibly contributing to the development of neovascular AMD.
| S-EPMC3013066 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose. The etiology of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) cannot be completely explained by identified environmental risk factors or single-locus gene variants. This study was to explore the potential interactions among gene variants on nAMD in Chinese population. Methods. 43 SNPs located in different genes were genotyped in 932 Chinese individuals (464 nAMD patients and 468 controls). We explored the potential interactions among gene variants using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) algorithm and the method to measure the departure from the additivity model. Results. The joint effect that involved CFH rs1061170 and HTRA1 rs3793917 was shown statistically significant (P < 0.001) with the highest cross-validation consistency (10/10) and the best testing balanced accuracy (64.50%). In addition, based on the method to measure the departure from the additivity model, the synergy index (S) was 2.63 (1.09-6.38) and the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) was 55.7% (21.4%-89.9%), which suggested that a common pathway may exist for these genes for nAMD. Those who carried CC for rs3793917 and TC/CC for rs1061170 were at the highest risk of nAMD (OR: 9.76, 95% CI: 4.65-20.51). Conclusions. Evidence that the joint effect that involved CFH and ARMS2/HTRA1 may contribute to the risk of neovascular AMD in Chinese population was obtained.
| S-EPMC4389821 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of this study is to examine the cumulative effect of the less studied genetic variants in PLEKHA1/ARMS2/HTRA1 on age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We performed an extensive literature search for studies on the association between AMD and the less studied genetic variants in PLEKHA1/ARMS2/HTRA1. Multiple meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the association between individual genetic variants and AMD. A gene-cluster analysis was used to investigate the cumulative effect of these less studied genetic variants on AMD. A total of 23 studies from 20 published papers met the eligibility criteria and were included in our analyses. Several genetic variants in the gene cluster are significantly associated with AMD in our meta-analyses or in individual studies. Gene-cluster analysis reveals a strong cumulative association between these genetic variants in this gene cluster and AMD (p < 10(-5)). However, two previously suspected SNPs in ARMS2, including rs2736911, the SNP having the largest number of studies in our meta-analyses; and rs3793917, the SNP with the largest sample size, were not significantly associated with AMD (both p's > 0.12). Sensitivity analyses reveal significant association of AMD with rs2736911 in Chinese but not in Caucasian, with c.372_815del443ins54 in Caucasian but not in Chinese, and with rs1049331 in both ethnic groups. These less studied genetic variants have a significant cumulative effect on wet AMD. Our study provides evidence of the joint contribution of genetic variants in PLEKHA1/ARMS2/HTRA1 to AMD risk, in addition to the two widely studied genetic variants whose association with AMD was well established.
| S-EPMC3864106 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo evaluate the contribution of genetic variants of complement factor H (CFH), complement component 2 and 3 (C2 and C3), complement factor B (CFB), and age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk in the Mexican Mestizo population.MethodsAnalysis included 282 unrelated Mexican patients with advanced AMD, 205 healthy controls, and 280 population controls. Stereoscopic fundus images were graded on the Clinical Age-Related Maculopathy System (CARMS). We designed a resequencing strategy using primers with M13 adaptor for the 23 exons of the CFH gene in a subgroup of 96 individuals clinically evaluated: 48 AMD cases and 48 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in C3 (Arg80Gly and Pro292Leu), C2 (rs547154), CFB (Leu9His), and ARMS2 (Ala69Ser) were genotyped in all patients, healthy and population controls using TaqMan assay.ResultsAll evaluated individuals were Mexican Mestizos, and their genetic ancestry was validated using 224 ancestry informative markers and calculating F(st) values. The CFH resequencing revealed 19 SNPs and a common variant in the intron 2 splice acceptor site; three CFH haplotypes inferred from individual genotypes, showed significant differences between cases and controls. The risk alleles in C3 (rs1047286, odds ratio [OR]=2.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.64-3.75, p=1.59E-05; rs2230199, OR=2.15, 95% CI=1.48-3.13, p=6.28E-05) and in ARMS2 (rs10490924, OR=3.09, 95% CI=2.48-3.86, p=5.42E-23) were strongly associated with risk of AMD. The protective effect of alleles in C2 (rs547154) and CFB (rs4151667) showed a trend but was not significantly associated after correction for multiple testing.ConclusionsOur results show that ARMS2 and C3 are major contributors to advanced AMD in Mexican patients, while the contributions of CFH, C2, and CFB are minor to those of other populations, reveling significant ethnic differences in minor allele frequencies. We provide evidence that two specific common haplotypes in the CFH gene predispose individuals to AMD, while another may confer reduced risk of disease in this admixed population.
| S-EPMC3891434 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeAssociation between genetic variants in complement factor H (CFH), factor B (CFB), component 2 (C2), and in the ARMS2/HTRA1 region with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) comes mainly from studies of European ancestry and case-control studies of late-stage disease. We investigated associations of both early and late AMD with these variants in a population-based study of people aged 60 years and older in India.MethodsFundus images were graded using the Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System and participants assigned to one of four mutually exclusive stages based on the worse affected eye (0 = no AMD, 1-3 = early AMD, 4 = late AMD). Multinomial logistic regression was used to derive risk ratios (RR) accounting for sampling method and adjusting for age, sex, and study center.ResultsOf 3569 participants, 53.2% had no signs of amd, 45.6% had features of early amd, and 1.2% had late amd. CFH (RS1061170), C2 (RS547154), OR CFB (RS438999) was not associated with early or late AMD. In the ARMS2 locus, RS10490924 was associated with both early (adjusted RR 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.33, P < 0.0001) and late AMD (adjusted RR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.15-2.86; P = 0.01); rs2672598 was associated only with early AMD (adjusted RR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02-1.23; P = 0.02); rs10490923 was not associated with early or late AMD.ConclusionsTwo variants in ARMS2/HTRA1 were associated with increased risk of early AMD, and for one of these, the increased risk was also evident for late AMD. The study provides new insights into the role of these variants in early stages of AMD in India.
| S-EPMC3490538 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To evaluate the association and interaction of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in three genes (CFH, ARMS2, and ARMS2/HTRA1) with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in Chinese population.A total of 300 nAMD and 300 PCV patients and 301 normal subjects participated in the present study. The allelic variants of rs800292, rs2274700, rs3750847, rs3793917, and rs1065489 were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Gene-gene interactions were evaluated by the data mining approach multifactor-dimensionality reduction (MDR) method.The risk alleles of CFH rs800292, rs2274700, ARMS2 rs3057847, and ARMS2/HTRA1 rs3793917 showed significant difference between nAMD or PCV patients and controls (all P<0.01). The homozygosity of risk alleles for rs800292, rs2274700, rs3750847, and rs3793917 were significantly different between nAMD patients and controls (all P<0.01), and predisposed to PCV patients (all P<0.01). After cross-validation consistency (CVC) and permutation tests, the two-locus model rs2274700_rs3750847 has a balanced accuracy of 64.37% in predicting nAMD disease risk. The one-marker model, rs3750847, and two-locus model rs2274700_rs3750847 has a balanced accuracy of 66.07% and 65.89% in predicting PCV disease risk, respectively. Furthermore, CFH rs1065489 did not show significant association with nAMD (P>0.01), but was strongly associated with PCV in Chinese patients (P<0.001).In this study, we found that the interaction of ARMS2 and ARMS2/HTRA1 is significantly associated with nAMD, and the interaction of CFH and ARMS2 is pronounced in PCV development in Chinese population.
| S-EPMC4429281 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo evaluate the frequency of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of complement factor H (CFH) and LOC387715/ARMS2/HRTA1 and their association with some of the presenting clinical features of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).MethodsIn this prospective non-comparative case series forty four naïve patients with neovascular AMD were genotyped using sequencing or Sequenom iPLEX technology. Descriptive tests were used for displaying the magnitude of each allele, gender distribution, and age at diagnosis. Fisher exact test was used to evaluate the correlation between visual acuity (VA) and different alleles. Also Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison between age at the time of diagnosis and different alleles.ResultsThe most frequent SNP among studied patients was rs1061147 with 100% frequency rate. The least common was rs2672598 with a frequency of 52.27%. Only the allele rs800292 of CFH locus on 1q32 was associated with VA better than 20/200 (p value = 0.034). The frequency of this allele was 77.27% (34 patients) in this study. There was no significant association between any of alleles, and VA worse than 20/200(p > 0.05). Fifteen patients had bilateral exudative AMD (34.09%). There was no significant difference between alleles in bilateral neovascular AMD and unilateral disease. Also bilateral and unilateral patients were not different in terms of age, gender or VA (p value: 0.330, 0.764 and 0.456 respectively). There was also no significant association between any of SNPs and bilaterality of disease.ConclusionWe designated the frequencies of SNPs of CFH and LOC387715/ARMS2/HRTA1 in neovascular AMD in a sample of Iranian patients. Only the allele rs800292 of CFH locus on chromosome 1q32 was associated with better VA.
| S-EPMC4881216 | biostudies-literature