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Femoral versus Multiple Nerve Blocks for Analgesia after Total Knee Arthroplasty.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The PROSPECT (Procedure-Specific Postoperative Pain Management) Group recommended a single injection femoral nerve block in 2008 as a guideline for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. Other authors have recommended the addition of sciatic and obturator nerve blocks. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is also involved in pain syndrome following total knee arthroplasty. We hypothesized that preoperative blocking of all four nerves would offer superior analgesia to femoral nerve block alone. METHODS:This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, and observer-blinded clinical study. A total of 107 patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a femoral nerve block group, a multiple nerve block group, and a control group. All patients were treated postoperatively using patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine. Pain intensity at rest, during flexion and extension, and morphine consumption were compared between groups over three days. RESULTS:A total of 90 patients completed the study protocol. Patients who received multiple nerve blocks experienced superior analgesia and had reduced morphine consumption during the postoperative period compared to the other two groups. Pain intensity during flexion was significantly lower in the "blocks" groups versus the control group. Morphine consumption was significantly higher in the control group. CONCLUSIONS:Pain relief after total knee arthroplasty immediately after surgery and on the first postoperative day was significantly superior in patients who received multiple blocks preoperatively, with morphine consumption significantly lower during this period. A preoperative femoral nerve block alone produced partial and insufficient analgesia immediately after surgery and on the first postoperative day. (Clinical trial registration number (NIH): NCT01303120).

SUBMITTER: Stav A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5298367 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Femoral versus Multiple Nerve Blocks for Analgesia after Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Stav Anatoli A Reytman Leonid L Sevi Roger R Stav Michael Yohay MY Powell Devorah D Dor Yanai Y Dudkiewicz Mickey M Bayadse Fuaz F Sternberg Ahud A Soudry Michael M

Rambam Maimonides medical journal 20170130 1

<h4>Background</h4>The PROSPECT (Procedure-Specific Postoperative Pain Management) Group recommended a single injection femoral nerve block in 2008 as a guideline for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. Other authors have recommended the addition of sciatic and obturator nerve blocks. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is also involved in pain syndrome following total knee arthroplasty. We hypothesized that preoperative blocking of all four nerves would offer superior analgesia to femoral ...[more]

PMID: 28178436

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Project description:INTRODUCTION:Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery causes postoperative pain. The use of perioperative injections around the knee containing local anaesthetic, opiates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has increased in popularity to manage pain. Theoretical advantages include reduced requirements for analgesia and earlier mobilisation. We propose a single-centre randomised controlled trial of multimodal periarticular anaesthetic infiltration versus femoral nerve anaesthetic blockade as analgesia for TKA. The aim is to determine, in patients undergoing TKA, if there is a difference in patient-reported pain scores on the visual analogue scale (VAS) prior to physiotherapy on day 1 postoperatively between treatment groups. METHODS AND ANALYSIS:Patients undergoing a primary unilateral TKA at University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire Hospitals will be assessed for eligibility. A total of 264 patients will provide 90% power to detect a difference of 12 mm on the VAS on day 1 postoperatively at the 5% level. The trial will use 1:1 randomisation, stratified by mode of anaesthetic. Primary outcome measure will be the VAS for pain prior to physiotherapy on day 1. Secondary outcome measures include VAS on day 2, total use of opiate analgesia up to 48 h, ordinal pain scores up to 40 min after surgery, independent functional knee physiotherapist assessment on days 1 and 2. Oxford knee Scores (OKS), EuroQol (EQ-5D) and Douleur Neuropathic Pain Scores (DN2) will be recorded at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 months. Adverse events will be recorded up to 12 months. Analysis will investigate differences in VAS on day 1 between the two treatment groups on an intention-to-treat basis. Tests will be two-sided and considered to provide evidence for a significant difference if p values are less than 0.05. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:NRES Committee West Midlands, 23 September 2013 (ref: 13/WM/0316). The results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS:ISRCTN 60611146 and EUDRACT Number 2013-002439-10 (protocol code number PAKA-33601-AS117013); Pre-results.

Project description:Hip arthroplasty frequently requires potent postoperative analgesia, often provided with an epidural or posterior lumbar plexus local anesthetic infusion. However, American Society of Regional Anesthesia guidelines now recommend against epidural and continuous posterior lumbar plexus blocks during administration of various perioperative anticoagulants often administered after hip arthroplasty. A continuous femoral nerve block is a possible analgesic alternative, but whether it provides comparable analgesia to a continuous posterior lumbar plexus block after hip arthroplasty remains unclear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that differing the catheter insertion site (femoral versus posterior lumbar plexus) after hip arthroplasty has no impact on postoperative analgesia.Preoperatively, subjects undergoing hip arthroplasty were randomly assigned to receive either a femoral or a posterior lumbar plexus stimulating catheter inserted 5 to 15 cm or 0 to 1 cm past the needle tip, respectively. Postoperatively, patients received perineural ropivacaine, 0.2% (basal 6 mL/hr, bolus 4 mL, 30-minute lockout) for at least 2 days. The primary end point was the average daily pain scores as measured with a numeric rating scale (0-10) recorded in the 24-hour period beginning at 07:30 the morning after surgery, excluding twice-daily physical therapy sessions. Secondary end points included pain during physical therapy, ambulatory distance, and supplemental analgesic requirements during the same 24-hour period, as well as satisfaction with analgesia during hospitalization.The mean (SD) pain scores for subjects receiving a femoral infusion (n = 25) were 3.6 (1.8) versus 3.5 (1.8) for patients receiving a posterior lumbar plexus infusion (n = 22), resulting in a group difference of 0.1 (95% confidence interval -0.9 to 1.2; P = 0.78). Because the confidence interval was within a prespecified -1.6 to 1.6 range, we conclude that the effect of the 2 analgesic techniques on postoperative pain was equivalent. Similarly, we detected no differences between the 2 treatments with respect to the secondary end points, with one exception: subjects with a femoral catheter ambulated a median (10th-90th percentiles) 2 (0-17) m the morning after surgery, in comparison with 11 (0-31) m for subjects with a posterior lumbar plexus catheter (data nonparametric; P = 0.02).After hip arthroplasty, a continuous femoral nerve block is an acceptable analgesic alternative to a continuous posterior lumbar plexus block when using a stimulating perineural catheter. However, early ambulatory ability suffers with a femoral infusion.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Multiorifice catheters have been shown to provide superior analgesia and significantly reduce local anesthetic consumption compared with end-hole catheters in epidural studies. This prospective, blinded, randomized study tested the hypothesis that, in continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB) under ultrasound guidance, multiorifice catheter would reduce local anesthetic consumption at 24?h compared with end-hole catheter. METHODS:Eighty adult patients (aged ?18?years) scheduled to undergo primary total knee arthroplasty under a combination of CFNB, sciatic nerve block and general anesthesia were randomized to CFNB using either a 3-pair micro-hole (Contiplex, BRAUN®, 20G - 400?mm) or an end-hole (Silverstim VYGON®, 20G - 500?mm) catheter. Once the femoral catheter was sited, a bolus of 20?mL lidocaine 1% was injected. An electronic pump then delivered an automated 5?mL bolus of ropivacaine 0.2% hourly, with 10?mL self-administered patient controlled analgesia boluses. RESULTS:There was no inter-group difference in either median number of ropivacaine boluses on demand during the first 24?h (4(2-7) vs. 4(2-8) in six-hole and end-hole groups, respectively; P?=?0.832) or median ropivacaine consumption at 48?h (365(295-418) vs. 387(323-466); P?=?0.452). No significant differences were recorded between the groups at 24?h regarding median average verbal rate pain scale (2(0-3) vs. 2(0-4); P?=?0.486) or morphine consumption (0(0-20) vs. 0(0-20); P?=?0.749). Quadriceps muscle strength declined to 7% (0-20) and 10% (0-28) in the six-hole and end-hole groups, respectively, at 24?h after surgery (P?=?0.733). CONCLUSIONS:In this superiority trial, catheter orifice configuration did not influence the effectiveness of CFNB in this setting: quality of analgesia was similar, with no reduction in either local anesthetic or morphine consumption, and equivalent postoperative quadriceps weakness. TRIAL REGISTRATION:Retrospectively registered at ( NCT03376178 ). Date: 21 November 2017.

Project description:The ideal local anesthetic regime for femoral nerve block that balances analgesia with mobility after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains undefined.We compared two volumes and concentrations of a fixed dose of ropivacaine for continuous femoral nerve block after TKA to a single injection femoral nerve block with ropivacaine to determine (1) time to discharge readiness; (2) early pain scores and analgesic consumption; and (3) functional outcomes, including range of motion and WOMAC scores at the time of recovery.Ninety-nine patients were allocated to one of three continuous femoral nerve block groups for this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial: a high concentration group (ropivacaine 0.2% infusion), a low concentration group (ropivacaine 0.1% infusion), or a placebo infusion group (saline 0.9% infusion). Infusions were discontinued on postoperative Day (POD) 2. The primary outcome was time to discharge readiness. Secondary outcomes included opioid consumption, pain, and functional outcomes. Ninety-three patients completed the study protocol; the study was halted early because of unanticipated changes to pain protocols at the host institution, by which time only 61% of the required number of patients had been enrolled.With the numbers available, the mean time to discharge readiness was not different between groups (high concentration group, 62 hours [95% confidence interval [CI], 51-72 hours]; low concentration group, 73 hours [95% CI, 63-83 hours]; placebo infusion group 65 hours [95% CI, 56-75 hours]; p = 0.27). Patients in the low concentration group consumed significantly less morphine during the period of infusion (POD 1, high concentration group, 56 mg [95% CI, 42-70 mg]; low concentration group, 35 mg [95% CI, 27-43 mg]; placebo infusion group, 48 mg [95% CI, 38-59 mg], p = 0.02; POD 2, high concentration group, 50 mg [95% CI, 41-60 mg]; low concentration group, 33 mg [95% CI, 24-42 mg]; placebo infusion group, 39 mg [95% CI, 30-48 mg], p = 0.04); however, there were no important differences in pain scores or opioid-related side effects with the numbers available. Likewise, there were no important differences in functional outcomes between groups.Based on this study, which was terminated prematurely before the desired sample size could be achieved, we were unable to demonstrate that varying the concentration and volume of a fixed-dose ropivacaine infusion for continuous femoral nerve block influences time to discharge readiness when compared with a conventional single-injection femoral nerve block after TKA. A low concentration of ropivacaine infusion can reduce postoperative opioid consumption but without any important differences in pain scores, side effects, or functional outcomes. These pilot data may be used to inform the statistical power of future randomized trials.Level II, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Project description:BackgroundLocal infiltration anesthesia (LIA) and femoral nerve block (FNB) are commonly used analgesia methods after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, there is no definitive conclusion about which of these two analgesia modes is superior. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically evaluate the analgesic effects of LIA and FNB after TKA.MethodsWe used the terms "total knee replacement, knee replacement, total knee arthroplasty, knee arthroplasty, local infiltration analgesia, periarticular infiltration, periarticular injection, intra-articular infiltration, intra-articular injection, peripheral nerve block, femoral nerve block" to search the PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and Weipu databases. The search period was set from the date of establishment of the database to September 2021. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and network meta-analysis was performed using Stata14.0 and RevMan 5.30 software.ResultsNine articles were included for analysis. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with LIA and FNB, the difference in opioid use [mean difference (MD) -4.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): -7.26 to -1.45] was statistically significant. However, there was no significant difference between the static visual analogue score at 24 hours postoperatively (MD 0.20, 95% CI: -0.91 to 1.31), the visual analogue score for exercise visual analogy at 24 hours after surgery (MD 0.10, 95% CI: -0.12 to 0.32), and the length of hospital stay (MD 0.05, 95% CI: -0.40 to 0.50).DiscussionLIA and FNB have similar effects on pain relief after TKA, but LIA can reduce the use of analgesic drugs and is easy to operate. Therefore, LIA can be used as the priority analgesic method for patients with TKA. However, multi-center, large-sample, high-quality, randomized controlled trials are still needed for further verification.

Dataset Information

Femoral versus Multiple Nerve Blocks for Analgesia after Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Publications

Femoral versus Multiple Nerve Blocks for Analgesia after Total Knee Arthroplasty.

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