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Two years of surveillance of influenza a virus infection in a swine herd. Results of virological, serological and pathological studies.

ABSTRACT: Swine farms provide a dynamic environment for the evolution of influenza A viruses (IAVs). The present report shows the results of a surveillance effort of IAV infection in one commercial swine farm in Argentina. Two cross-sectional serological and virological studies (n=480) were carried out in 2011 and 2012. Virus shedding was detected in nasal samples from pigs from ages 7, 21 and 42-days old. More than 90% of sows and gilts but less than 40% of 21-days old piglets had antibodies against IAV. In addition, IAV was detected in 8/17 nasal swabs and 10/15 lung samples taken from necropsied pigs. A subset of these samples was further processed for virus isolation resulting in 6 viruses of the H1N2 subtype (?2 cluster). Pathological studies revealed an association between suppurative bronchopneumonia and necrotizing bronchiolitis with IAV positive samples. Statistical analyses showed that the degree of lesions in bronchi, bronchiole, and alveoli was higher in lungs positive to IAV. The results of this study depict the relevance of continuing long-term active surveillance of IAV in swine populations to establish IAV evolution relevant to swine and humans.

SUBMITTER: Cappuccio J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5298829 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Two years of surveillance of influenza a virus infection in a swine herd. Results of virological, serological and pathological studies.

Cappuccio Javier J Dibarbora Marina M Lozada Inés I Quiroga Alejandra A Olivera Valeria V Dángelo Marta M Pérez Estefanía E Barrales Hernán H Perfumo Carlos C Pereda Ariel A Pérez Daniel R DR

Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases 20161226

Swine farms provide a dynamic environment for the evolution of influenza A viruses (IAVs). The present report shows the results of a surveillance effort of IAV infection in one commercial swine farm in Argentina. Two cross-sectional serological and virological studies (n=480) were carried out in 2011 and 2012. Virus shedding was detected in nasal samples from pigs from ages 7, 21 and 42-days old. More than 90% of sows and gilts but less than 40% of 21-days old piglets had antibodies against IAV. ...[more]

PMID: 28131371

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Project description:BackgroundDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, seasonal influenza activity declined globally and remained below previous seasonal levels, but intensified in China since 2021. Preventive measures to COVID-19 accompanied by different epidemic characteristics of influenza in different regions of the world. To better respond to influenza outbreaks under the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed the epidemiology, antigenic and genetic characteristics, and antiviral susceptibility of influenza viruses in the mainland of China during 2020-2021.MethodsRespiratory specimens from influenza like illness cases were collected by sentinel hospitals and sent to network laboratories in Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network. Antigenic mutation analysis of influenza virus isolates was performed by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Next-generation sequencing was used for genetic analyses. We also conducted molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of circulating influenza viruses. Viruses were tested for resistance to antiviral medications using phenotypic and/or sequence-based methods.ResultsIn the mainland of China, influenza activity recovered in 2021 compared with that in 2020 and intensified during the traditional influenza winter season, but it did not exceed the peak in previous years. Almost all viruses isolated during the study period were of the B/Victoria lineage and were characterized by genetic diversity, with the subgroup 1A.3a.2 viruses currently predominated. 37.8% viruses tested were antigenically similar to reference viruses representing the components of the vaccine for the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 Northern Hemisphere influenza seasons. In addition, China has a unique subgroup of 1A.3a.1 viruses. All viruses tested were sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors and endonuclease inhibitors, except two B/Victoria lineage viruses identified to have reduced sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors.ConclusionsInfluenza activity increased in the mainland of China in 2021, and caused flu season in the winter of 2021-2022. Although the diversity of influenza (sub)type decreases, B/Victoria lineage viruses show increased genetic and antigenic diversity. The world needs to be fully prepared for the co-epidemic of influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus globally.

Project description:BackgroundGrowing and finishing performances of pigs strongly influence farm efficiency and profitability. The performances of the pigs rely on the herd health status and also on several non-infectious factors. Many recommendations for the improvement of the technical performances of a herd are based on the results of studies assessing the effect of one or a limited number of infections or environmental factors. Few studies investigated jointly the influence of both type of factors on swine herd performances. This work aimed at identifying infectious and non-infectious factors associated with the growing and finishing performances of 41 French swine herds.ResultsTwo groups of herds were identified using a clustering analysis: a cluster of 24 herds with the highest technical performance values (mean average daily gain?=?781.1 g/day +/-?26.3; mean feed conversion ratio?=?2.5 kg/kg +/-?0.1; mean mortality rate?=?4.1% +/-?0.9; and mean carcass slaughter weight?=?121.2 kg +/-?5.2) and a cluster of 17 herds with the lowest performance values (mean average daily gain =715.8 g/day +/-?26.5; mean feed conversion ratio?=?2.6 kg/kg +/-?0.1; mean mortality rate?=?6.8% +/-?2.0; and mean carcass slaughter weight?=?117.7 kg +/-?3.6). Multiple correspondence analysis was used to identify factors associated with the level of technical performance. Infection with the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and the porcine circovirus type 2 were infectious factors associated with the cluster having the lowest performance values. This cluster also featured farrow-to-finish type herds, a short interval between successive batches of pigs (?3 weeks) and mixing of pigs from different batches in the growing or/and finishing steps. Inconsistency between nursery and fattening building management was another factor associated with the low-performance cluster. The odds of a herd showing low growing-finishing performance was significantly increased when infected by PRRS virus in the growing-finishing steps (OR?=?8.8, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.8-41.7) and belonging to a farrow-to-finish type herd (OR?=?5.1, 95% CI?=?1.1-23.8).ConclusionsHerd management and viral infections significantly influenced the performance levels of the swine herds included in this study.

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Two years of surveillance of influenza a virus infection in a swine herd. Results of virological, serological and pathological studies.

Publications

Two years of surveillance of influenza a virus infection in a swine herd. Results of virological, serological and pathological studies.

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