Overexpression of NOTCH-regulated Ankyrin Repeat Protein is associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma progression.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zhang M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5312965 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:CD73 is involved in tumor immune escape and promotes the growth and progression of cancer cells. The functional role of CD73 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has not yet been established. In 511 patients with PTC, immunohistochemistry for CD73 on tissue microarrays showed that the high expression of CD73 was associated with an aggressive histologic variant (p = 0.002), extrathyroidal extension (p < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), and BRAFV600E mutation (p = 0.015). Survival analysis results showed that patients with high CD73 expression had worse recurrence-free survival (p = 0.023). CD73 inhibitors induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, inhibited the migration and invasion of PTC cells, and suppressed tumor growth in PTC xenograft nude mice. High expression of CD73 (NT5E) mRNA was associated with unfavorable clinicopathologic characteristics, the abundance of Tregs and dendritic cells, depletion of natural killer (NK) cells, and high expression of immune checkpoint genes and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Taken together, CD73 expression promotes tumor progression and predicts low recurrence-free survival. Targeting the CD73-adenosine axis in the tumor microenvironment offers an attractive pathway for therapeutic strategies aimed at advanced PTC.
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Project description:Background: Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TROP2) is over expressed in various kinds of human cancers and plays important roles in the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. However, the expression and molecular mechanism of TROP2 in thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC) are unclear. Methods: The expressions of TROP2 in PTC and control tissue were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. The proliferation and invasion of PTC cell lines were examined by cell cloning and transwell assays. RNA sequencing analysis and public data analysis were assessed to investigate the potential mechanisms of TROP2 in PTC. Gene correlation analysis was conducted to explore the association between TROP2 and the related gene ISG15 in patients with PTC. Results: The expression of TROP2 was significantly higher in PTC than control. The high expression of TROP2 protein was associated with lymph node metastasis, tumor size and capsular infiltration (P<0.05). SiRNA-mediated TROP2 gene expression silencing can significantly inhibit proliferation and migration of PTC cells. ISG15 decreased in TROP2 siRNA PTC cells and increased in PTC patients significantly. There was a significant correlation between the expression of TROP2 and ISG15 in PTC patients. TROP2 interacted directly with ATP6V1A, CEBPA and SOX5 and then further interacted with the immune genes. TROP2 expression and tumor-infiltrating immune cells were also correlated in thyroid cancer microenvironment. Conclusions: TROP2 promotes the development of PTC. TROP2 expression was correlated with ISG15 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in thyroid cancer.
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Project description:The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) expression and prognostic factors in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). mRNA sequencing and somatic mutation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. VDR mRNA expression was compared to clinicopathologic variables by linear regression. Tree-based classification was applied to find cutoff and patients were split into low and high VDR group. Logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, differentially expressed gene (DEG) test and pathway analysis were performed to assess the differences between two VDR groups. VDR mRNA expression was elevated in PTC than that in normal thyroid tissue. VDR expressions were high in classic and tall-cell variant PTC and lateral neck node metastasis was present. High VDR group was also associated with classic and tall cell subtype, AJCC stage IV and lower recurrence-free survival. DEG test reveals that 545 genes were upregulated in high VDR group. Thyroid cancer-related pathways were enriched in high VDR group in pathway analyses. VDR mRNA overexpression was correlated with worse prognostic factors such as subtypes of papillary thyroid carcinoma that are known to be worse prognosis, lateral neck node metastasis, advanced stage and recurrence-free survival.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Findings of recent studies have demonstrated a rapid increase of the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which accounts for nearly 80% of thyroid cancers. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to explore the association between AXIN2 gene polymorphism and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). PATIENTS AND METHODS:106 blood samples (56 PTC patients and 50 healthy controls) were drawn from China-Japan Union Hospital in Jilin province, China, during October 2010 to March 2011. A case-control study was designed to examine the association between AXIN2 and PTC. Seven tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tag SNPs) in AXIN2 were selected and genotyped. Frequencies of different genotypes and alleles were analyzed between the patients and the controls, using the R × C column contingency table ?(2) test. The possible association of haplotypes constructed by the combined effects of two or more loci with PTC was analyzed through the UNPHASED 3.1.4 program. RESULTS:Rs11655966, rs3923086 and rs7591 of AXIN2 showed significant associations with PTC (P < 0.05). The result of haplotypes analysis showed that rs11655966-rs3923086-rs4791169 had statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Together with the functions of the target genes, we further elucidated that AXIN2 is associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma in the Chinese Han population.
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Project description:Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), accounting for approximately 85% cases of thyroid cancer, is a common endocrine tumour with a relatively low mortality but an alarmingly high rate of recurrence or persistence. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is emerging as a critical player modulating diverse cellular mechanisms correlated with the progression of various cancers, including PTC. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA SLC26A4-AS1 in regulating autophagy and tumour growth during PTC progression. Initially, ITPR1 was identified by bioinformatics analysis as a differentially expressed gene. Then, Western blot and RT-qPCR were conducted to determine the expression of ITPR1 and SLC26A4-AS1 in PTC tissues and cells, both of which were found to be poorly expressed in PTC tissues and cells. Then, we constructed ITPR1-overexpressing cells and revealed that ITPR1 overexpression could trigger the autophagy of PTC cells. Further, we performed a series of gain- and loss-of function experiments. The results suggested that silencing of SLC26A4-AS1 led to declined ITPR1 level, up-regulation of ETS1 promoted ITPR1 expression, and either ETS1 knockdown or autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 could mitigate the promoting effects of SLC26A4-AS1 overexpression on PTC cell autophagy. In vivo experiments also revealed that SLC26A4-AS1 overexpression suppressed PTC tumour growth. In conclusion, our study elucidated that SLC26A4-AS1 overexpression promoted ITPR1 expression through recruiting ETS1 and thereby promotes autophagy, alleviating PTC progression. These finding provides insight into novel target therapy for the clinical treatment of PTC.
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Project description:The Notch-regulated ankyrin repeat protein (Nrarp) is a component of a negative feedback system that attenuates Notch pathway-mediated signaling. In vertebrates, the timing and spacing of formation of the mesodermal somites are controlled by a molecular oscillator termed the segmentation clock. Somites are also patterned along the rostral-caudal axis of the embryo. Here, we demonstrate that Nrarp-deficient embryos and mice exhibit genetic background-dependent defects of the axial skeleton. While progression of the segmentation clock occurred in Nrarp-deficient embryos, they exhibited altered rostrocaudal patterning of the somites. In Nrarp mutant embryos, the posterior somite compartment was expanded. These studies confirm an anticipated, but previously undocumented role for the Nrarp gene in vertebrate somite patterning and provide an example of the strong influence that genetic background plays on the phenotypes exhibited by mutant mice.
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Project description:The present study was designed to assess the protein expression of the autophagy-associated genes, Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II, as well as the association with clinicopathological features in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). A total of 50 subjects were recruited, including 50 human PTC samples and paired adjacent noncancerous tissue samples. The protein expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Beclin-1 and LC3-II expression in PTC tissues significantly reduced compared with normal tissues (P<0.05). Expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II was associated with lymph node metastasis of PTC (P<0.05), but had no association with age, gender, tumor size, tumor number and Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage (P>0.05). Expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II were positively correlated (r=0.327;P=0.020) in PTC. In conclusion, the activity of autophagy was declined in PTC; this decrease in autophagic capacity may be associated with tumorigenesis and the development of PTC.
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Project description:Background:Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the most frequent malignancies of the endocrine system, whose mechanisms of pathogenesis, progression and prognosis are still far from being clearly elucidated. Despite an increasing body of evidences highlights ribosome biogenesis regulator homolog (RRS1) as a ribosome biogenesis protein in yeast and plants, little is known about human RRS1 function. Methods:Proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of PTC cells were assessed following the knockdown of RRS1 expression though MTT, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry. Then, transcriptome profiling was conducted to explore pathway changes after RRS1 silencing in PTC cells. Receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden's index were performed in twenty-four thyroid carcinoma samples to assess their potential clinical diagnostic value. Results:Firstly, we found that silencing RRS1 significantly reduced cell proliferation, inhibited cell cycle, and promoted apoptosis in PTC cell line. The result also showed that knock-down of RRS1 could up-regulate genes involving apoptosis and metabolism, while, down-regulate genes relative to cell proliferation and blood vessel development. Notably, the present study confirmed the diagnostic value of RRS1 for thyroid carcinoma in both children and adults. Conclusions:In conclusion, these data afford a comprehensive view of a novel function of human RRS1 by promoting cell proliferation and could be a potential indicator for papillary thyroid carcinoma.
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Project description:Background Despite extensive research, the papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) ecosystem is poorly characterized and, in particular, locoregional progression. Available evidence supports that single-cell transcriptome sequencing (Sc-RNA seq) can dissect tumor ecosystems. Methods Tissue samples from one PTC patient, including matched primary tumor (Ca), lymph node (LN) metastasis, and paracancerous tissue (PCa), were subjected to Sc-RNA seq with 10×Genomics. Dual-label immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm the existence of cell subtypes in a separate cohort. Results 11,805 cell transcriptomes were profiled, cell landscapes of PTC were composed of malignant follicular epithelial cells (MFECs), CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, B cells, vascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Between Ca and LN ecosystems, the proportions of MFEC and interstitial cells were similar, less than 1/25(229/6,694, 361/3,895), while the proportion of normal follicular epithelial cells (NFECs) and interstitial cells was > 2 in PCa (455/171). NFECs in PCa formed a separate cluster, while MFECs in Ca and LN exhibited a profound transcriptional overlap, and the interstitial cells among these samples had an overall concordance in their identity and representation, albeit with some distinctions in terms of the cell percentage per subset. A fraction of the B cell subpopulation in Ca expressed inhibitory receptors, while their respective ligand genes were clearly transcribed in T cell and malignant epithelial cell clusters, while some CD8+ T cells in both Ca and LN produced high levels of inhibitory receptors whose respective ligands were overexpressed in some CD4+ T cells. Three CAF subtypes in Ca and LN were identified, which may be due to mutual transitions. Conclusions Our data provide new insights into the PTC ecosystem and highlight the differences in ecosystems in PTC progression, which updates our understanding of PTC biology and will improve individualized patient treatment.
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Project description:Papillary thyroid carcinomas are the most common thyroid cancers and constitute more than 70% of thyroid malignancies. The most common etiologic factor is radiation, but genetic susceptibility and other factors also contribute to the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The most common variants include conventional, follicular variant and tall cell variant. However, many other uncommon variants have been described including oncocytic, columnar cell, diffuse sclerosing and solid forms. Immunohistochemical staining with TTF-1 and thyroglobulin is very useful in confirming the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma especially in metastatic sites. Markers such as HBME-1 and CITED1 can assist in separating some difficult cases of follicular variants of papillary thyroid carcinomas from follicular adenomas. Molecular studies have shown that the BRAF V600E mutation is found mainly in papillary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Other molecular markers such as HMGA2 and insulin-like growth factor II mRNA binding protein 3 have been used recently as molecular tests to separate papillary thyroid carcinoma and its variants from follicular adenomas and other benign thyroid nodules.
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