Dataset Information

Late Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus after Chemotherapies for Hematological Malignancies: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

ABSTRACT: Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious complication of immunosuppressive therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy. The optimal duration of HBV-DNA monitoring for at-risk patients depends on the clinical features of reactivation, especially the range of potency from therapies to reactivation. We present a case of very late reactivation after chemotherapy for lymphoma and review previous reports of late reactivation cases. We also underscore the significance of developing an indicator for anti-HBV immunity which can be used to determine the optimal monitoring period.

SUBMITTER: Yamada T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5313436 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Late Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus after Chemotherapies for Hematological Malignancies: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Yamada Toshiki T Nannya Yasuhito Y Suetsugu Atsushi A Shimizu Shogo S Sugihara Junichi J Shimizu Masahito M Seishima Mitsuru M Tsurumi Hisashi H

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 20170101 1

Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious complication of immunosuppressive therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy. The optimal duration of HBV-DNA monitoring for at-risk patients depends on the clinical features of reactivation, especially the range of potency from therapies to reactivation. We present a case of very late reactivation after chemotherapy for lymphoma and review previous reports of late reactivation cases. We also underscore the significance of developing an indicator for ...[more]

PMID: 28049989

Similar Datasets

Project description:RATIONALE:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation caused by immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy is well known. The administration of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has also been reported to cause HBV reactivation. We report a rare case of HBV reactivation in a patient with HCV infection after DAA therapy. PATIENT CONCERNS:In 1996, a 53-year-old female was identified as infected with HCV at a medical check-up, following which she visited our hospital. She was infected with HCV genotype 2b, and at follow up in 1997, was found to be hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody against HBsAg negative, antibody against HBV core positive. She then experienced malignant lymphoma in 2001 at 58 years of age. Complete remission was achieved following chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. In 2014, she remained negative for HBsAg and antibody against HBsAg but positive for antibody against HBV core. In 2015, 12 weeks of sofosbuvir and ribavirin treatment for HCV was started. Serum HCV RNA levels rapidly decreased, and HCV elimination was confirmed at 24 weeks after cessation of DAA treatment. Acute hepatitis B developed at 15 weeks post- sustained virological response without any symptoms and physical examination findings. DIAGNOSES:This case is speculated to represent HBV reactivation induced by DAA treatment in a patient with previously resolved HBV, based on virologic and clinical status. Genome sequencing revealed the HBV genotype as A2. INTERVENTIONS:The patient was treated with nucleotide analog for HBV reactivation once a day. OUTCOMES:Serum HBV-DNA levels decreased, and serum liver enzymes improved following initiation of nucleotide analog treatment. Also, adverse events of nucleotide analog treatment were not observed. LESSONS:Although the risk may be very low, DAA therapy can cause HBV reactivation in chronic hepatitis C patients with prior HBV infection. Thus, those patients must be closely monitored for serum HBV DNA levels during and after DAA treatment.

Project description:BackgroundThere are thousands of survivors of the 2014 Ebola outbreak in west Africa. Ebola virus can persist in survivors for months in immune-privileged sites; however, viral relapse causing life-threatening and potentially transmissible disease has not been described. We report a case of late relapse in a patient who had been treated for severe Ebola virus disease with high viral load (peak cycle threshold value 13.2).MethodsA 39-year-old female nurse from Scotland, who had assisted the humanitarian effort in Sierra Leone, had received intensive supportive treatment and experimental antiviral therapies, and had been discharged with undetectable Ebola virus RNA in peripheral blood. The patient was readmitted to hospital 9 months after discharge with symptoms of acute meningitis, and was found to have Ebola virus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). She was treated with supportive therapy and experimental antiviral drug GS-5734 (Gilead Sciences, San Francisco, Foster City, CA, USA). We monitored Ebola virus RNA in CSF and plasma, and sequenced the viral genome using an unbiased metagenomic approach.FindingsOn admission, reverse transcriptase PCR identified Ebola virus RNA at a higher level in CSF (cycle threshold value 23.7) than plasma (31.3); infectious virus was only recovered from CSF. The patient developed progressive meningoencephalitis with cranial neuropathies and radiculopathy. Clinical recovery was associated with addition of high-dose corticosteroids during GS-5734 treatment. CSF Ebola virus RNA slowly declined and was undetectable following 14 days of treatment with GS-5734. Sequencing of plasma and CSF viral genome revealed only two non-coding changes compared with the original infecting virus.InterpretationOur report shows that previously unanticipated, late, severe relapses of Ebola virus can occur, in this case in the CNS. This finding fundamentally redefines what is known about the natural history of Ebola virus infection. Vigilance should be maintained in the thousands of Ebola survivors for cases of relapsed infection. The potential for these cases to initiate new transmission chains is a serious public health concern.FundingRoyal Free London NHS Foundation Trust.

Dataset Information

Late Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus after Chemotherapies for Hematological Malignancies: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Publications

Late Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus after Chemotherapies for Hematological Malignancies: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure