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The role actin filaments play in providing the characteristic curved form of Drosophila bristles.

ABSTRACT: Drosophila bristles display a precise orientation and curvature. An asymmetric extension of the socket cell overlies the newly emerging bristle rudiment to provide direction for bristle elongation, a process thought to be orchestrated by the nerve dendrite lying between these cells. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of individual bristles showed that curvature is planar and far greater near the bristle base. Correlated with this, as development proceeds the pupa gradually recedes from the inner pupal case (an extracellular layer that encloses the pupa) leading to less bristle curvature along the shaft. We propose that the inner pupal case induces elongating bristles to bend when they contact this barrier. During elongation the actin cytoskeleton locks in this curvature by grafting together the overlapping modules that comprise the long filament bundles. Because the bristle is curved, the actin bundles on the superior side must be longer than those on the inferior side. This is accomplished during grafting by greater elongation of superior side modules. Poor actin cross-bridging in mutant bristles results in altered curvature. Thus, the pattern of bristle curvature is a product of both extrinsic factors-the socket cell and the inner pupal case--and intrinsic factors--actin cytoskeleton assembly.

SUBMITTER: Tilney LG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC532027 | biostudies-literature | 2004 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The role actin filaments play in providing the characteristic curved form of Drosophila bristles.

Tilney Lewis G LG Connelly Patricia S PS Ruggiero Linda L Vranich Kelly A KA Guild Gregory M GM Derosier David D

Molecular biology of the cell 20040915 12

Drosophila bristles display a precise orientation and curvature. An asymmetric extension of the socket cell overlies the newly emerging bristle rudiment to provide direction for bristle elongation, a process thought to be orchestrated by the nerve dendrite lying between these cells. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of individual bristles showed that curvature is planar and far greater near the bristle base. Correlated with this, as development proceeds the pupa gradually recedes from the i ...[more]

PMID: 15371540

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Project description:Actin-based cytoskeletons have been implicated in insulin-stimulated glucose transport and translocation of the insulin-regulated glucose transporter, GLUT4, from the intracellular pool to the plasma membrane. However, most previous studies were done using adherent cell systems such as L6 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and very little information is available on the significance of the actin filaments to the insulin action in isolated adipocytes, a widely used experimental system. In the present study, we investigated the physiological role of actin filaments in the subcellular trafficking of GLUT4 in isolated rat adipocytes. We first compared the effects of two actin-disrupting reagents, latrunculin A and cytochalasin D, on the organization of the actin filaments as well as on the insulin action on glucose transport by laser confocal microscopy combined with biochemical analysis of the insulin action. Treatment of the cells with latrunculin A induced dose- and time-dependent disappearance of the filamentous actin, which correlated very well with inhibition of the insulin effect on glucose transport. Although cytochalasin D at 50 microM significantly inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose transport, it was not effective in disassembly of the actin filaments; rather, many intense punctate signals were observed in cytochalasin D-treated cells. In the actin-disrupted adipocytes treated with latrunculin A, insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation was inhibited completely. In addition, latrunculin A remarkably inhibited both insulin-induced glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation in the presense of D(k)-(62-85), a potent inhibitor of GLUT4 endocytosis, suggesting that intactness of the actin filaments was necessary for insulin-induced exocytosis of the GLUT4-containing vesicles. On the other hand, latrunculin A showed little inhibitory effect on either endocytosis of the trypsin-cleaved 35-kDa fragment of GLUT4 or decay of the glucose transport activity after addition of wortmannin in insulin-stimulated cells. The results of our experiment show clearly that, in rat adipocytes, (i) latrunculin A may be a more suitable tool than cytochalasin D for disruption of actin filaments, and (ii) actin filaments play a crucial role in exocytotic recruitment of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane from the intracellular pool, but not in its endocytosis.

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The role actin filaments play in providing the characteristic curved form of Drosophila bristles.

Publications

The role actin filaments play in providing the characteristic curved form of Drosophila bristles.

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