Dataset Information

Functional circuit mapping of striatal output nuclei using simultaneous deep brain stimulation and fMRI.

ABSTRACT: The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and external globus pallidus (GPe) constitute the two major output targets of the rodent striatum. Both the SNr and GPe converge upon thalamic relay nuclei (directly or indirectly, respectively), and are traditionally modeled as functionally antagonistic relay inputs. However, recent anatomical and functional studies have identified unanticipated circuit connectivity in both the SNr and GPe, demonstrating their potential as far more than relay nuclei. In the present study, we employed simultaneous deep brain stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging (DBS-fMRI) with cerebral blood volume (CBV) measurements to functionally and unbiasedly map the circuit- and network level connectivity of the SNr and GPe. Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with a custom-made MR-compatible stimulating electrode in the right SNr (n=6) or GPe (n=7). SNr- and GPe-DBS, conducted across a wide range of stimulation frequencies, revealed a number of surprising evoked responses, including unexpected CBV decreases within the striatum during DBS at either target, as well as GPe-DBS-evoked positive modulation of frontal cortex. Functional connectivity MRI revealed global modulation of neural networks during DBS at either target, sensitive to stimulation frequency and readily reversed following cessation of stimulation. This work thus contributes to a growing literature demonstrating extensive and unanticipated functional connectivity among basal ganglia nuclei.

SUBMITTER: Van Den Berge N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5322177 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Functional circuit mapping of striatal output nuclei using simultaneous deep brain stimulation and fMRI.

Van Den Berge Nathalie N Albaugh Daniel L DL Salzwedel Andrew A Vanhove Christian C Van Holen Roel R Gao Wei W Stuber Garret D GD Shih Yen-Yu Ian YI

NeuroImage 20161105

The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and external globus pallidus (GPe) constitute the two major output targets of the rodent striatum. Both the SNr and GPe converge upon thalamic relay nuclei (directly or indirectly, respectively), and are traditionally modeled as functionally antagonistic relay inputs. However, recent anatomical and functional studies have identified unanticipated circuit connectivity in both the SNr and GPe, demonstrating their potential as far more than relay nuclei. I ...[more]

PMID: 27825979

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Project description:Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure consisting in the stereotactic implantation of stimulation electrodes to specific brain targets, such as deep gray matter nuclei. Current solutions to place the electrodes rely on rectilinear stereotactic trajectories (RTs) manually defined by surgeons, based on pre-operative images. An automatic path planner that accurately targets subthalamic nuclei (STN) and safeguards critical surrounding structures is still lacking. Also, robotically-driven curvilinear trajectories (CTs) computed on the basis of state-of-the-art neuroimaging would decrease DBS invasiveness, circumventing patient-specific obstacles. This work presents a new algorithm able to estimate a pool of DBS curvilinear trajectories for reaching a given deep target in the brain, in the context of the EU's Horizon EDEN2020 project. The prospect of automatically computing trajectory plans relying on sophisticated newly engineered steerable devices represents a breakthrough in the field of microsurgical robotics. By tailoring the paths according to single-patient anatomical constraints, as defined by advanced preoperative neuroimaging including diffusion MR tractography, this planner ensures a higher level of safety than the standard rectilinear approach. Ten healthy controls underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on 3T scanner, including 3DT1-weighted sequences, 3Dhigh-resolution time-of-flight MR angiography (TOF-MRA) and high angular resolution diffusion MR sequences. A probabilistic q-ball residual-bootstrap MR tractography algorithm was used to reconstruct motor fibers, while the other deep gray matter nuclei surrounding STN and vessels were segmented on T1 and TOF-MRA images, respectively. These structures were labeled as obstacles. The reliability of the automated planner was evaluated; CTs were compared to RTs in terms of efficacy and safety. Targeting the anterior STN, CTs performed significantly better in maximizing the minimal distance from critical structures, by finding a tuned balance between all obstacles. Moreover, CTs resulted superior in reaching the center of mass (COM) of STN, as well as in optimizing the entry angle in STN and in the skull surface.

Project description:Parkinson's disease (PD) can produce postural abnormalities of the standing body position such as kyphosis. We investigated the effects of PD, deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), vision and adaptation on body position in a well-defined group of patients with PD in quiet standing and during balance perturbations. Ten patients with PD and 25 young and 17 old control participants were recruited. Body position was measured with 3D motion tracking of the ankle, knee, hip, shoulder and head. By taking the ankle as reference, we mapped the position of the joints during quiet standing and balance perturbations through repeated calf muscle vibration. We did this to explore the effect of PD, DBS in the STN, and vision on the motor learning process of adaptation in response to the repeated stimulus. We found that patients with PD adopt a different body position with DBS ON vs. DBS OFF, to young and old controls, and with eyes open vs. eyes closed. There was an altered body position in PD with greater flexion of the head, shoulder and knee (p≤0.042) and a posterior position of the hip with DBS OFF (p≤0.014). With DBS ON, body position was brought more in line with the position taken by control participants but there was still evidence of greater flexion at the head, shoulder and knee. The amplitude of movement during the vibration period decreased in controls at all measured sites with eyes open and closed (except at the head in old controls with eyes open) showing adaptation which contrasted the weaker adaptive responses in patients with PD. Our findings suggest that alterations of posture and greater forward leaning with repeated calf vibration, are independent from reduced movement amplitude changes. DBS in the STN can significantly improve body position in PD although the effects are not completely reversed. Patients with PD maintain adaptive capabilities by leaning further forward and reducing movement amplitude despite their kyphotic posture.

Dataset Information

Functional circuit mapping of striatal output nuclei using simultaneous deep brain stimulation and fMRI.

Publications

Functional circuit mapping of striatal output nuclei using simultaneous deep brain stimulation and fMRI.

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