Dataset Information

Fatal Infection with Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus Imported from Australia to Canada, 2011.

ABSTRACT: Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV), a flavivirus belonging to the Japanese encephalitis serogroup, can cause severe clinical manifestations in humans. We report a fatal case of MVEV infection in a young woman who returned from Australia to Canada. The differential diagnosis for travel-associated encephalitis should include MVEV, particularly during outbreak years.

SUBMITTER: Niven DJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5324805 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Fatal Infection with Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus Imported from Australia to Canada, 2011.

Niven Daniel J DJ Afra Kevin K Iftinca Mircea M Tellier Raymond R Fonseca Kevin K Kramer Andreas A Safronetz David D Holloway Kimberly K Drebot Michael M Johnson Andrew S AS

Emerging infectious diseases 20170201 2

Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV), a flavivirus belonging to the Japanese encephalitis serogroup, can cause severe clinical manifestations in humans. We report a fatal case of MVEV infection in a young woman who returned from Australia to Canada. The differential diagnosis for travel-associated encephalitis should include MVEV, particularly during outbreak years. ...[more]

PMID: 28098530

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Project description:BackgroundMurray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a flavivirus that occurs in Australia and New Guinea. While clinical cases are uncommon, MVEV can cause severe encephalitis with high mortality. Sentinel chicken surveillance is used at many sites around Australia to provide an early warning system for risk of human infection in areas that have low population density and geographical remoteness. MVEV in Western Australia occurs in areas of low population density and geographical remoteness, resulting in logistical challenges with surveillance systems and few human cases. While epidemiological data has suggested an association between rainfall and MVEV activity in outbreak years, it has not been quantified, and the association between rainfall and sporadic cases is less clear. In this study we analysed 22 years of sentinel chicken and human case data from Western Australia in order to evaluate the effectiveness of sentinel chicken surveillance for MVEV and assess the association between rainfall and MVEV activity.MethodsSentinel chicken seroconversion, human case and rainfall data from the Kimberley and Pilbara regions of Western Australia from 1990 to 2011 were analysed using negative binomial regression. Sentinel chicken seroconversion and human cases were used as dependent variables in the model. The model was then tested against sentinel chicken and rainfall data from 2012 and 2013.ResultsSentinel chicken seroconversion preceded all human cases except two in March 1993. Rainfall in the prior three months was significantly associated with both sentinel chicken seroconversion and human cases across the regions of interest. Sentinel chicken seroconversion was also predictive of human cases in the models. The model predicted sentinel chicken seroconversion in the Kimberley but not in the Pilbara, where seroconversions early in 2012 were not predicted. The latter may be due to localised MVEV activity in isolated foci at dams, which do not reflect broader virus activity in the region.ConclusionsWe showed that rainfall and sentinel chickens provide a useful early warning of MVEV risk to humans across endemic and epidemic areas, and that a combination of the two indicators improves the ability to assess MVEV risk and inform risk management measures.

Dataset Information

Fatal Infection with Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus Imported from Australia to Canada, 2011.

Publications

Fatal Infection with Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus Imported from Australia to Canada, 2011.

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