3D Whole Heart Imaging for Congenital Heart Disease.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Greil G
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5327357 | biostudies-literature | 2017
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
3D Whole Heart Imaging for Congenital Heart Disease.
Greil Gerald G Tandon Animesh Aashoo AA Silva Vieira Miguel M Hussain Tarique T Hussain Tarique T
Frontiers in pediatrics 20170227
Three-dimensional (3D) whole heart techniques form a cornerstone in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging of congenital heart disease (CHD). It offers significant advantages over other CHD imaging modalities and techniques: no ionizing radiation; ability to be run free-breathing; ECG-gated dual-phase imaging for accurate measurements and tissue properties estimation; and higher signal-to-noise ratio and isotropic voxel resolution for multiplanar reformatting assessment. However, there are li ...[more]
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Project description:IntroductionUnderstanding congenital heart disease (CHD) is vital for medical personnel and parents of affected children. While traditional 2D schematics serve as the typical approach used, several studies have shown these models to be limiting in understanding complex structures. Recent world-emphasis has shifted to 3D printed models as a complement to 2D imaging to bridge knowledge and create new opportunities for experiential learning. We sought to systematically compare 3D digital and physical models for medical personnel and parent education compared to traditional methods.Methods3D printed and digital models were made out of MRI and CT data for 20 common CHD. Fellows and nurse practitioners used these models to explore intra-cardiac pathologies following traditional teaching. The models were also used for parent education in outpatient settings after traditional education. The participants were then asked to fill out a Likert scale questionnaire to assess their understanding and satisfaction with different teaching techniques. These ratings were compared using paired t-tests and Pearson's correlation.ResultsTwenty-five medical personnel (18 fellows; 2 nurses; 4 nurse practitioners and one attending) and twenty parents participated in the study. The diagnosis varied from simple mitral valve pathology to complex single ventricle palliation. Parent and medical personnel perceived understanding with digital models was significantly higher than traditional (p = 0.01). Subjects also felt that physical models were overall more useful than digital ones (p = 0.001). Physicians using models for parent education also perceived the models to be useful, not significantly impacting their clinical workflow.Conclusions3D models, both digital and printed, enhance medical personnel and parental perceived understanding of CHD.
| S-EPMC8411549 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The increasing number of survivors of congenital heart disease (CHD) has been paralleled by advancement of imaging modalities used for the ongoing assessment of these patients. There has been a large body of literature describing new approaches to non-invasive assessment of CHD. We will review new applications of well established as well as novel techniques for the management and understanding of CHD.
| S-EPMC4032470 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDue to passive blood flow in palliated single ventricle, central venous pressure increases chronically, ultimately impeding lymphatic drainage. Early visualization and treatment of these malformations is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) T2-weighted lymphangiography (T2w) is used for lymphatic assessment, but its low signal-to-noise ratio may result in incomplete visualization of thoracic duct pathway. 3D-balanced steady state free precession (3D-bSSFP) is commonly used to assess congenital cardiac disease anatomy. Here, we aimed to improve diagnostic imaging of thoracic duct pathway using 3D-bSSFP.MethodsPatients underwent CMR during single ventricle or central lymphatic system assessment using T2w and 3D-bSSFP. T2w parameters included 3D-turbo spin echo (TSE), TE/TR = 600/2500 ms, resolution = 1 × 1 × 1.8 mm, respiratory triggering with bellows. 3D-bSSFP parameters included electrocardiogram triggering and diaphragm navigator, 1.6 mm isotropic resolution, TE/TR = 1.8/3.6 ms. Thoracic duct was identified independently in T2w and 3D-bSSFP images, tracked completely from cisterna chyli to its drainage site, and classified based on severity of lymphatic abnormalities.ResultsForty-eight patients underwent CMR, 46 of whom were included in the study. Forty-five had congenital heart disease with single ventricle physiology. Median age at CMR was 4.3 year (range 0.9-35.1 year, IQR 2.4 year), and median weight was 14.4 kg (range, 7.9-112.9 kg, IQR 5.2 kg). Single ventricle with right dominant ventricle was noted in 31 patients. Thirty-eight patients (84%) were status post bidirectional Glenn and 7 (16%) were status post Fontan anastomosis. Thoracic duct visualization was achieved in 45 patients by T2w and 3D-bSSFP. Complete tracking to drainage site was attained in 11 patients (24%) by T2w vs 25 (54%) by 3D-bSSFP and in 28 (61%) by both. Classification of lymphatics was performed in 31 patients.ConclusionThoracic duct pathway can be visualized by 3D-bSSFP combined with T2w lymphangiography. Cardiac triggering and respiratory navigation likely help retain lymphatic signal in the retrocardiac area by 3D-bSSFP. Visualizing lymphatic system leaks is challenging on 3D-bSSFP images alone, but 3D-bSSFP offers good visualization of duct anatomy and landmark structures to help plan interventions. Together, these sequences can define abnormal lymphatic pathway following single ventricle palliative surgery, thus guiding lymphatic interventional procedures.
| S-EPMC7919323 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Survival in congenital heart disease has steadily improved since 1938, when Dr. Robert Gross successfully ligated for the first time a patent ductus arteriosus in a 7-year-old child. To continue the gains made over the past 80 years, transformative changes with broad impact are needed in management of congenital heart disease. Three-dimensional printing is an emerging technology that is fundamentally affecting patient care, research, trainee education, and interactions among medical teams, patients, and caregivers. This paper first reviews key clinical cases where the technology has affected patient care. It then discusses 3-dimensional printing in trainee education. Thereafter, the role of this technology in communication with multidisciplinary teams, patients, and caregivers is described. Finally, the paper reviews translational technologies on the horizon that promise to take this nascent field even further.
| S-EPMC6059001 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo develop a respiratory motion correction framework to accelerate free-breathing three-dimensional (3D) whole-heart coronary lumen and coronary vessel wall MRI.MethodsWe developed a 3D flow-independent approach for vessel wall imaging based on the subtraction of data with and without T2-preparation prepulses acquired interleaved with image navigators. The proposed method corrects both datasets to the same respiratory position using beat-to-beat translation and bin-to-bin nonrigid corrections, producing coregistered, motion-corrected coronary lumen and coronary vessel wall images. The proposed method was studied in 10 healthy subjects and was compared with beat-to-beat translational correction (TC) and no motion correction for the left and right coronary arteries. Additionally, the coronary lumen images were compared with a 6-mm diaphragmatic navigator gated and tracked scan.ResultsNo significant differences (P > 0.01) were found between the proposed method and the gated and tracked scan for coronary lumen, despite an average improvement in scan efficiency to 96% from 59%. Significant differences (P < 0.01) were found in right coronary artery vessel wall thickness, right coronary artery vessel wall sharpness, and vessel wall visual score between the proposed method and TC.ConclusionThe feasibility of a highly efficient motion correction framework for simultaneous whole-heart coronary lumen and vessel wall has been demonstrated. Magn Reson Med 77:1894-1908, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
| S-EPMC5412916 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo develop a free-breathing whole-heart isotropic-resolution 3D late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) sequence with Dixon-encoding, which provides co-registered 3D grey-blood phase-sensitive inversion-recovery (PSIR) and complementary 3D fat volumes in a single scan of < 7 min.MethodsA free-breathing 3D PSIR LGE sequence with dual-echo Dixon readout with a variable density Cartesian trajectory with acceleration factor of 3 is proposed. Image navigators are acquired to correct both inversion recovery (IR)-prepared and reference volumes for 2D translational respiratory motion, enabling motion compensated PSIR reconstruction with 100% respiratory scan efficiency. An intermediate PSIR reconstruction is performed between the in-phase echoes to estimate the signal polarity which is subsequently applied to the IR-prepared water volume to generate a water grey-blood PSIR image. The IR-prepared water volume is obtained using a water/fat separation algorithm from the corresponding dual-echo readout. The complementary fat-volume is obtained after water/fat separation of the reference volume. Ten patients (6 with myocardial scar) were scanned with the proposed water/fat grey-blood 3D PSIR LGE sequence at 1.5 T and compared to breath-held grey-blood 2D LGE sequence in terms of contrast ratio (CR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), scar depiction, scar transmurality, scar mass and image quality.ResultsComparable CRs (p = 0.98, 0.40 and 0.83) and CNRs (p = 0.29, 0.40 and 0.26) for blood-myocardium, scar-myocardium and scar-blood respectively were obtained with the proposed free-breathing 3D water/fat LGE and 2D clinical LGE scan. Excellent agreement for scar detection, scar transmurality, scar mass (bias = 0.29%) and image quality scores (from 1: non-diagnostic to 4: excellent) of 3.8 ± 0.42 and 3.6 ± 0.69 (p > 0.99) were obtained with the 2D and 3D PSIR LGE approaches with comparable total acquisition time (p = 0.29). Similar agreement in intra and inter-observer variability were obtained for the 2D and 3D acquisition respectively.ConclusionThe proposed approach enabled the acquisition of free-breathing motion-compensated isotropic-resolution 3D grey-blood PSIR LGE and fat volumes. The proposed approach showed good agreement with conventional 2D LGE in terms of CR, scar depiction and scan time, while enabling free-breathing acquisition, whole-heart coverage, reformatting in arbitrary views and visualization of both water and fat information.
| S-EPMC8142497 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThree-dimensional (3D) printing technology enables the translation of 2-dimensional (2D) medical imaging into a physical replica of a patient's individual anatomy and may enhance the understanding of congenital heart defects (CHD). We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a spectrum of 3D-printed models in teaching CHD to medical students.ResultsWe performed a prospective, randomized educational procedure to teach fifth year medical students four CHDs (atrial septal defect (ASD, n = 74), ventricular septal defect (VSD, n = 50), coarctation of aorta (CoA, n = 118) and tetralogy of Fallot (ToF, n = 105)). Students were randomized into printing groups or control groups. All students received the same 20 min lecture with projected digital 2D images. The printing groups also manipulated 3D printed models during the lecture. Both groups answered an objective survey (Multiple-choice questionnaire) twice, pre- and post-test, and completed a post-lecture subjective survey. Three hundred forty-seven students were included and both teaching groups for each CHD were comparable in age, sex and pre-test score. Overall, objective knowledge improved after the lecture and was higher in the printing group compared to the control group (16.3 ± 2.6 vs 14.8 ± 2.8 out of 20, p < 0.0001). Similar results were observed for each CHD (p = 0.0001 ASD group; p = 0.002 VSD group; p = 0.0005 CoA group; p = 0.003 ToF group). Students' opinion of their understanding of CHDs was higher in the printing group compared to the control group (respectively 4.2 ± 0.5 vs 3.8 ± 0.4 out of 5, p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe use of 3D printed models in CHD lectures improve both objective knowledge and learner satisfaction for medical students. The practice should be mainstreamed.
| S-EPMC8424617 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Both three-dimensional (3D) printing and virtual reality (VR) are reported as being superior to the current visualization techniques in conveying more comprehensive visualization of congenital heart disease (CHD). However, little is known in terms of their clinical value in diagnostic assessment, medical education, and preoperative planning of CHD. This cross-sectional study aims to address these by involving 35 medical practitioners to subjectively evaluate VR visualization of four selected CHD cases in comparison with the corresponding 3D printed heart models (3DPHM). Six questionnaires were excluded due to incomplete sections, hence a total of 29 records were included for the analysis. The results showed both VR and 3D printed heart models were comparable in terms of the degree of realism. VR was perceived as more useful in medical education and preoperative planning compared to 3D printed heart models, although there was no significant difference in the ratings (p = 0.54 and 0.35, respectively). Twenty-one participants (72%) indicated both the VR and 3DPHM provided additional benefits compared to the conventional medical imaging visualizations. This study concludes the similar clinical value of both VR and 3DPHM in CHD, although further research is needed to involve more cardiac specialists for their views on the usefulness of these tools.
| S-EPMC8232263 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Volumetric black-blood cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has been hampered by long scan times and flow sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of black-blood, electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggered and respiratory-navigated 3D fast spin echo (3D FSE) for the visualization of the whole heart and great vessels. METHODS:The implemented 3D FSE technique used slice-selective excitation and non-selective refocusing pulses with variable flip angles to achieve constant echo signal for tissue with T1 (880?ms) and T2 (40?ms) similar to the vessel wall. Ten healthy subjects and 21 patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) underwent 3D FSE and conventional 3D balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP). The sequences were compared in terms of ability to perform segmental assessment, local signal-to-noise ratio (SNRl) and local contrast-to-noise ratio (CNRl). RESULTS:In both healthy subjects and patients with CHD, 3D FSE showed superior pulmonary vein but inferior coronary artery origin visualisation compared to 3D bSFFP. However, in patients with CHD the combination of 3D bSSFP and 3D FSE whole-heart imaging improves the success rate of cardiac morphological diagnosis to 100% compared to either technique in isolation (3D FSE, 23.8% success rate, 3D bSSFP, 5% success rate). In the healthy subjects SNRl for 3D bSSFP was greater than for 3D FSE (30.1?±?7.3 vs 20.9?±?5.3; P?=?0.002) whereas the CNRl was comparable (17.3?±?5.6 vs 17.4?±?4.9; P?=?0.91) between the two scans. CONCLUSIONS:The feasibility of 3D FSE for whole-heart black-blood CMR imaging has been demonstrated. Due to their high success rate for segmental assessment, the combination of 3D bSSFP and 3D FSE may be an attractive alternative to gadolinium contrast enhanced morphological CMR in patients with CHD.
| S-EPMC6260764 | biostudies-other
Project description:CT is increasingly being used for evaluating the cardiovascular structures and airways in the patients with congenital heart disease. Multi-slice CT has traditionally been used for the evaluation of the extracardiac vascular and airway abnormalities because of its inherent high spatial resolution and excellent air-tissue contrast. Recent developments in CT technology primarily by reducing the cardiac motion and the radiation dose usage in congenital heart disease evaluation have helped expand the indications for CT usage. Tracheobronchomalacia associated with congenital heart disease can be evaluated with cine CT. Intravenous contrast injection should be tailored to unequivocally demonstrate cardiovascular abnormalities. Knowledge of the state-of-the-art CT imaging techniques that are used for evaluating congenital heart disease is helpful not only for planning and performing CT examinations, but also for interpreting and presenting the CT image findings that consequently guide the proper medical and surgical management.
| S-EPMC2799649 | biostudies-literature