Dataset Information

Mechanism of lipid-lowering action of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, anagliptin, in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice.

ABSTRACT:

Aims/introduction

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are used for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition to glycemic control, these agents showed beneficial effects on lipid metabolism in clinical trials. However, the mechanism underlying the lipid-lowering effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors remains unclear. Here, we investigated the lipid-lowering efficacy of anagliptin in a hyperlipidemic animal model, and examined the mechanism of action.

Materials and methods

Male low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice were administered 0.3% anagliptin in their diet. Plasma lipid levels were assayed and lipoprotein profile was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Hepatic gene expression was examined by deoxyribonucleic acid microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein transactivation assay was carried out in vitro.

Results

Anagliptin treatment significantly decreased the plasma total cholesterol (14% reduction, P < 0.01) and triglyceride levels (27% reduction, P < 0.01). Both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also decreased significantly by anagliptin treatment. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 messenger ribonucleic acid expression level was significantly decreased at night in anagliptin-treated mice (15% reduction, P < 0.05). Anagliptin significantly suppressed sterol regulatory element-binding protein activity in HepG2 cells (21% decrease, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The results presented here showed that the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, anagliptin, exhibited a lipid-lowering effect in a hyperlipidemic animal model, and suggested that the downregulation of hepatic lipid synthesis was involved in the effect. Anagliptin might have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism in addition to a glucose-lowering effect.

SUBMITTER: Yano W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5334308 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Mechanism of lipid-lowering action of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, anagliptin, in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice.

Yano Wataru W Inoue Noriyuki N Ito Shiori S Itou Takahiro T Yasumura Misako M Yoshinaka Yasunobu Y Hagita Sumihiko S Goto Moritaka M Nakagawa Takashi T Inoue Keisuke K Tanabe Sohei S Kaku Kohei K

Journal of diabetes investigation 20161215 2

<h4>Aims/introduction</h4>Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are used for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition to glycemic control, these agents showed beneficial effects on lipid metabolism in clinical trials. However, the mechanism underlying the lipid-lowering effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors remains unclear. Here, we investigated the lipid-lowering efficacy of anagliptin in a hyperlipidemic animal model, and examined the mechanism of action.<h4>Materials and meth ...[more]

PMID: 27860391

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Project description:Aims/introductionRecent data showed that dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors exert a lipid-lowering effect in diabetes patients. However, the mechanism of action is not yet clearly understood. We investigated the effect of anagliptin on cholesterol metabolism and transport in the small intestine using non-diabetic hyperlipidemic animals, to clarify the mechanisms underlying the cholesterol-lowering action.Materials and methodsMale apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice were orally administered anagliptin in the normal chow. Serum cholesterol levels and lipoprotein profiles were measured, and cholesterol transport was assessed by measuring the radioactivity in the tissues after oral loading of 14 C-labeled cholesterol (14 C-Chol). In additional experiments, effects of exendin-4 in mice and of anagliptin in DPP-4-deficient rats were assessed. Effects on target gene expressions in the intestine were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in normal mice.ResultsThe serum total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations decreased after anagliptin treatment in the ApoE-deficient mice. The cholesterol-lowering effect was predominantly observed in the chylomicron fraction. The plasma 14 C-Chol radioactivity was significantly decreased by 26% at 2 h after cholesterol loading, and the fecal 14 C-Chol excretion was significantly increased by 38% at 72 h. The aforementioned effects on cholesterol transport were abrogated in rats lacking DPP-4 activity, and exendin-4 had no effect on the 14 C-Chol transport in ApoE-deficient mice. Furthermore, significant decreases of the intestinal cholesterol transport-related microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2, ApoA2 and ApoC2 messenger ribonucleic acid expressions were observed in the mice treated with repeated doses of anagliptin.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that anagliptin might exert a cholesterol-lowering action through DPP-4-dependent and glucagon-like peptide 1-independent suppression of intestinal cholesterol transport.

Project description:Angioedema is a potentially life-threatening adverse effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Bradykinin and substance P, substrates of angiotensin-converting enzyme, increase vascular permeability and cause tissue edema in animals. Studies indicate that amino-terminal degradation of these peptides, by aminopeptidase P and dipeptidyl peptidase IV, may be impaired in individuals with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated angioedema. This case-control study tested the hypothesis that dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity and antigen are decreased in sera of patients with a history of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated angioedema. Fifty subjects with a history of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated angioedema and 176 angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-exposed control subjects were ascertained. Sera were assayed for angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, aminopeptidase P activity, aminopeptidase N activity, dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity, and antigen and the ex vivo degradation half-lives of bradykinin, des-Arg(9)-bradykinin, and substance P in a subset. The prevalence of smoking was increased and of diabetes decreased in case versus control subjects. Overall, dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity (26.6+/-7.8 versus 29.6+/-7.3 nmol/mL per minute; P=0.026) and antigen (465.8+/-260.8 versus 563.1+/-208.6 ng/mL; P=0.017) were decreased in sera from individuals with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated angioedema compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-exposed control subjects without angioedema. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity (21.5+/-4.9 versus 29.8+/-6.7 nmol/mL per minute; P=0.001) and antigen (354.4+/-124.7 versus 559.8+/-163.2 ng/mL; P=0.003) were decreased in sera from cases collected during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition but not in the absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. The degradation half-life of substance P correlated inversely with dipeptidyl peptidase IV antigen during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Environmental or genetic factors that reduce dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity may predispose individuals to angioedema.

Dataset Information

Mechanism of lipid-lowering action of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, anagliptin, in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice.

Aims/introduction

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Mechanism of lipid-lowering action of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, anagliptin, in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice.

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