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The third group of the B7-CD28 immune checkpoint family: HHLA2, TMIGD2, B7x, and B7-H3.

ABSTRACT: The B7-CD28 family of ligands and receptors play important roles in T-cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition. Phylogenetically they can be divided into three groups. The recent discovery of the new molecules (B7-H3 [CD276], B7x [B7-H4/B7S1], and HHLA2 [B7H7/B7-H5]/TMIGD2 [IGPR-1/CD28H]) of the group III has expanded therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of human diseases. In this review, we describe the discovery, structure, and function of B7-H3, B7x, HHLA2, and TMIGD2 in immune regulation. We also discuss their roles in important pathological states such as cancers, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and infection. Various immunotherapeutical approaches are emerging including antagonistic monoclonal antibodies and agonistic fusion proteins to inhibit or potentiate these molecules and pathways in cancers and autoimmune diseases.

SUBMITTER: Janakiram M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5338461 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The third group of the B7-CD28 immune checkpoint family: HHLA2, TMIGD2, B7x, and B7-H3.

Janakiram Murali M Shah Urvi A UA Liu Weifeng W Zhao Aimin A Schoenberg Mark P MP Zang Xingxing X

Immunological reviews 20170301 1

The B7-CD28 family of ligands and receptors play important roles in T-cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition. Phylogenetically they can be divided into three groups. The recent discovery of the new molecules (B7-H3 [CD276], B7x [B7-H4/B7S1], and HHLA2 [B7H7/B7-H5]/TMIGD2 [IGPR-1/CD28H]) of the group III has expanded therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of human diseases. In this review, we describe the discovery, structure, and function of B7-H3, B7x, HHLA2, and TMIGD2 in immune regulation ...[more]

PMID: 28258693

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