Dataset Information

Circulation of type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus in the Philippines in 2001.

ABSTRACT: In 2001, highly evolved type 1 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) was isolated from three acute flaccid paralysis patients and one contact from three separate communities in the Philippines. Complete genomic sequencing of these four cVDPV isolates revealed that the capsid region was derived from the Sabin 1 vaccine strain but most of the noncapsid region was derived from an unidentified enterovirus unrelated to the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) strains. The sequences of the cVDPV isolates were closely related to each other, and the isolates had a common recombination site. Most of the genetic and biological properties of the cVDPV isolates were indistinguishable from those of wild polioviruses. However, the most recently identified cVDPV isolate from a healthy contact retained the temperature sensitivity and partial attenuation phenotypes. The sequence relationships among the isolates and Sabin 1 suggested that cVDPV originated from an OPV dose given in 1998 to 1999 and that cVDPV circulated along a narrow chain of transmission. Type 1 cVDPV was last detected in the Philippines in September 2001, and population immunity to polio was raised by extensive OPV campaigns in late 2001 and early 2002.

SUBMITTER: Shimizu H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC533948 | biostudies-literature | 2004 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Circulation of type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus in the Philippines in 2001.

Shimizu Hiroyuki H Thorley Bruce B Paladin Fem Julia FJ Brussen Kerri Anne KA Stambos Vicki V Yuen Lilly L Utama Andi A Tano Yoshio Y Arita Minetaro M Yoshida Hiromu H Yoneyama Tetsuo T Benegas Agnes A Roesel Sigrun S Pallansch Mark M Kew Olen O Miyamura Tatsuo T

Journal of virology 20041201 24

In 2001, highly evolved type 1 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) was isolated from three acute flaccid paralysis patients and one contact from three separate communities in the Philippines. Complete genomic sequencing of these four cVDPV isolates revealed that the capsid region was derived from the Sabin 1 vaccine strain but most of the noncapsid region was derived from an unidentified enterovirus unrelated to the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) strains. The sequences of the cVDPV iso ...[more]

PMID: 15564462

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Project description:ImportanceThe Sabin-strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) may be a tool for polio outbreak response in certain situations.ObjectiveTo investigate the response to a type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV2) outbreak.Design, setting, and participantsThis case series was conducted in China after a VDPV2 was detected in stool specimens from a child with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Sichuan Province in 2019, 3 years after the global withdrawal of live, attenuated type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Investigation followed National Health Commission and World Health Organization guidance and included searching hospitals for unreported AFP cases; testing stool specimens from the child, his contacts, and local children; enhanced environmental surveillance for VDPV2s in wastewater; and measuring vaccination coverage. Sabin-strain IPV campaigns were conducted in a wide geographic area.Main outcomes and measuresAny VDPV2 detection after completion of the supplementary immunization activities.ResultsA 28-nucleotide-change VDPV2 was isolated from a young boy. Three VDPV2s were detected in healthy children; 2 were contacts of the original child, and none had paralysis. A search of 31 million hospital records found 10 unreported AFP cases; none were polio. No type 2 polioviruses were found in wastewater. Prior to the event, polio vaccine coverage was 65% among children younger than 5 years. Sabin-strain IPV campaigns reached more than 97% of targeted children, administering 1.4 million doses. No transmission source was identified. More than 1 year of enhanced poliovirus environmental and AFP surveillance detected no additional VDPVs.Conclusions and relevanceThese findings suggest that the circulating VPDV2 outbreak in 2019 was associated with low vaccine coverage. An investigation discovered 3 infected but otherwise healthy children and no evidence of the virus in wastewater. Following Sabin-strain IPV-only campaigns expanding from county to prefecture, the poliovirus was not detected, and the outbreak response was considered by an expert panel and the World Health Organization to have been successful. This success suggests that the Sabin-strain IPV may be a useful tool for responding to circulating VDPV2 outbreaks when high-quality supplementary immunization activities can be conducted and carefully monitored in settings with good sanitation.

Dataset Information

Circulation of type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus in the Philippines in 2001.

Publications

Circulation of type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus in the Philippines in 2001.

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