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Use of imagery and text that could convey reduced harm in American Spirit advertisements.


ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration issued warning letters to three tobacco companies regarding use of the terms 'natural' and/or 'additive-free' to describe their products, as these terms inaccurately convey reduced harm. Yet, tobacco companies engage in a variety of alternate techniques to attempt to convey the same 'natural' (and thus reduced harm) message. It is critical to monitor these practices to inform regulatory action. OBJECTIVE:To describe the marketing techniques used in Natural American Spirit (American Spirit) ads that could convey a natural and less harmful product image. METHODS:Trained coders content analysed 142 American Spirit ads from 2012 to 2016. RESULTS:In addition to use of the terms 'natural' and 'additive-free', American Spirit ads engage in a variety of other linguistic and iconic techniques that could convey reduced harm, such as references to small, local or organic farming, eco-friendly practices, and plant, farming and other nature-related imagery. CONCLUSIONS:American Spirit ads use a wide range of marketing techniques to convey a natural product image, which could subsequently communicate reduced harm.

SUBMITTER: Moran MB 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5342944 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Use of imagery and text that could convey reduced harm in American Spirit advertisements.

Moran Meghan Bridgid MB   Pierce John P JP   Weiger Caitlin C   Cunningham Mary C MC   Sargent James D JD  

Tobacco control 20160908 e1


<h4>Background</h4>In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration issued warning letters to three tobacco companies regarding use of the terms 'natural' and/or 'additive-free' to describe their products, as these terms inaccurately convey reduced harm. Yet, tobacco companies engage in a variety of alternate techniques to attempt to convey the same 'natural' (and thus reduced harm) message. It is critical to monitor these practices to inform regulatory action.<h4>Objective</h4>To describe the marke  ...[more]

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