?-Gal Nanoparticles in Wound and Burn Healing Acceleration.

ABSTRACT: Significance: Rapid recruitment and activation of macrophages may accelerate wound healing. Such accelerated healing was observed in wounds and burns of experimental animals treated with ?-gal nanoparticles. Recent Advances: ?-Gal nanoparticles present multiple ?-gal epitopes (Gal?1-3Gal?1-4GlcNAc-R). ?-Gal nanoparticles applied to wounds bind anti-Gal (the most abundant antibody in humans) and generate chemotactic complement peptides, which rapidly recruit macrophages. Fc/Fc receptor interaction between anti-Gal coating the ?-gal nanoparticles and recruited macrophages activates macrophages to produce cytokines that accelerate healing. ?-Gal nanoparticles applied to burns and wounds in mice and pigs producing anti-Gal, decreased healing time by 40-60%. In mice, this accelerated healing avoided scar formation. ?-Gal nanoparticle-treated wounds, in diabetic mice producing anti-Gal, healed within 12 days, whereas saline-treated wounds became chronic wounds. ?-Gal nanoparticles are stable for years and may be applied dried, in suspension, aerosol, ointments, or within biodegradable materials. Critical Issues: ?-Gal nanoparticle therapy can be evaluated only in mammalian models producing anti-Gal, including ?1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout mice and pigs or Old World primates. Traditional experimental animal models synthesize ?-gal epitopes and lack anti-Gal. Future Directions: Since anti-Gal is naturally produced in all humans, it is of interest to determine safety and efficacy of ?-gal nanoparticles in accelerating wound and burn healing in healthy individuals and in patients with impaired wound healing such as diabetic patients and elderly individuals. In addition, efficacy of ?-gal nanoparticle therapy should be studied in healing and regeneration of internal injuries such as surgical incisions, ischemic myocardium following myocardial infarction, and injured nerves.

SUBMITTER: Galili U 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5346952 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature