Dataset Information

Prevalence and Determinants of Cryptosporidium Infection in an Underdeveloped Rural Region of Southwestern China.

ABSTRACT: Few studies have focused on the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in resource-challenged settings in China. We report a community-based cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection and its risk factors and associations with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was 12.6% (95% confidence interval = 11.0-14.3). Individuals living in households with ? 5 family members and raising domestic pigs tended to have a greater risk of Cryptosporidium infection. In addition, Cryptosporidium infection was significantly associated with HBV infection. There were no significant associations of Cryptosporidium infection with HIV viral load and HBV viral load. Further studies are needed to determine the association of Cryptosporidium infection with HBV infection.

SUBMITTER: Yang Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5361533 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prevalence and Determinants of Cryptosporidium Infection in an Underdeveloped Rural Region of Southwestern China.

Yang Ya Y Zhou Yibiao Y Cheng Wanting W Pan Xiang X Xiao Penglei P Shi Yan Y Gao Jianchuan J Song Xiuxia X Chen Yue Y Jiang Qingwu Q

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 20170301 3

Few studies have focused on the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in resource-challenged settings in China. We report a community-based cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection and its risk factors and associations with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was 12.6% (95% confidence interval = 11.0-14.3). Individuals living in house ...[more]

PMID: 28093538

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Project description:BackgroundThe prevalence and economic burdens of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are serious in rural China. In addition to formal support, health-related private transfers (HRPTs), including adult children transfers (ACTs), as well as relatives and friends transfers (RFTs), are very common in rural China. We explored the relationship between HRPTs and MSD treatment compliance and the heterogeneity of this relationship in terms of family socioeconomic status.MethodsA questionnaire survey was carried out in Enshi, Hubei, China by stratified random sampling in July 15-25,2018. A total of 2679 questionnaires on the economic burden of chronic diseases were collected. We deleted two questionnaires with missing data. The data was described using the mean and proportion. The Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA was used to compare each independent variable in the three groups, and ordered probit regression was used to analyse the relationship between each factor and treatment compliance. The heterogeneity of the effect was examined by group regression analysis of the samples with or without poverty.ResultsIn total, 853 samples with MSD were included in the analysis. The age was 70.27 ± 6.97 (mean +/- sd) years old, and the ADL was 11.64 ± 0.12, with more respondents being female (56.15%), partnered (73.51%), primary school educated (45.96%), working (57.91%), feeling poor in health (55.69%), lived alone or with a spouse (54.75%). Respondents with both ACTs and RFTs had better treatment compliance, and this was significant only in poor populations (p < 0.05). Under the same HRPTs' condition, respondents who more compliant with MSD treatment were female (p < 0.01), had primary school education (p < 0.05), has self-reported poor (p < 0.01) and very poor (p < 0.05) health, had a high level of physical disability (p < 0.01), and were living with their children and grandchildren (p < 0.05). Respondents with more chronic diseases had poorer treatment compliance (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOnly those in poverty who both have ACTs and RFTs are likely to have better treatment compliance for MSD. Promoting a culture of filial piety and fostering harmonious interpersonal relationships, policies that focus on groups that lack social support, and general formal support are essential for sustained access to treatment for MSD.

Project description:BackgroundCryptosporidium spp are important intestinal protozoan parasites that cause diarrhea in humans, domestic and wild animals. Its infection remains a main public health concern however, the epidemics in human being is still unclear, particularly in developing countries. There are several factors that may enhance the spreading of this parasite in human population especially in young children.MethodologyA questionnaire was designed to obtain the demographic and clinical data from the participants. A total of 425 stool samples were collected from suspected children (aged 3-10 years) in different hospitals and villages. The initial screening was performed with modified Ziehl Neelsen (mZN) staining technique followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Several potential risk factors were also assessed through the obtained information from suspected individuals.ResultsOut of all 425 collected samples, 127 were observed positive by mZN with a prevalence of 29.88% (127/425). The 127 mZN positive samples together with 50 mZN negative samples were processed for molecular analysis through PCR assay. Among them, 71 out of 127 mZN positive samples and 4 out of 50 mZN negative samples were found positive by PCR. The molecular analysis showed that Cryptosporidium parvum was the main cause of infection in children. The results revealed that individuals exposed to diarrhea were more likely to be infected with Cryptosporidium infection while several environmental factors may also play a key role in spreading of this parasite.Conclusions/significance of the studyThe current high prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection may be due to the lack of awareness and routine based testing in identification of this parasite in District Buner. Further studies are required to determine the importance of Cryptosporidium infection in this area as well as across the country and to find out the possible risk factors that may be associated with the occurrence of this protozoan. There is, however, an urgent need for laboratory-based observational studies to develop a more dynamic estimate of the cryptosporidial disease burden in the region.

Project description:Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) causes severe haze in China and is regarded as a threat to human health. The health effects of PM2.5 vary location by location due to the variation in size distribution, chemical com position, and sources. In this study, the cytotoxicity effect, oxidative stress, and gene expression regulation of PM2.5 in Chengdu and Chongqing, two typical urban areas in southern China, were evaluated. Urban PM2.5 in summer and winter significantly inhibited cell viability and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in A549 cells. Notably, PM2.5 in winter exhibited higher cytotoxicity and ROS level than summer. Moreover, in this study, PM2.5 commonly induced cancer-related gene expression such as cell adhesion molecule 1(PECAM1), interleukin 24 (IL24), and cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1); meanwhile, PM2.5 commonly acted on cancer-related biological functions such as cell-substrate junction, cell-cell junction, and focal adhesion. In partic ular, PM2.5 in Chengdu in summer had the highest carcinogenic potential among PM2.5 at the two sites in summer and winter. Importantly, cancer-related genes were uniquely targeted by PM2.5, such as epithelial splicing regu latory protein 1 (ESRP1) and membrane-associated ring-CH-type finger 1 (1-Mar) by Chengdu summer PM2.5; collagen type IX alpha 3 chain (COL9A3) by Chengdu winter PM2.5; SH2 domain-containing 1B (SH2D1B) by Chongqing summer PM2.5; and interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1) and zinc finger protein 42 (ZNF423) by Chongqing winter PM2.5. Meanwhile, important cancer-related biological functions were specially induced by PM2.5, such as cell cycle checkpoint by Chengdu summer PM2.5; macromolecule methylation by Chengdu win ter PM2.5; endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane by Chongqing summer PM2.5;and cellular lipid catabolic process by Chongqing winter PM2.5. Conclusively, in the typical urban areas of southern China, both summer and winter PM2.5 illustrated significant gene regulation effects. This study contrib utes to evaluating the adverse health effects of PM2.5 in southern China and providing public health suggestions for policymakers.

Dataset Information

Prevalence and Determinants of Cryptosporidium Infection in an Underdeveloped Rural Region of Southwestern China.

Publications

Prevalence and Determinants of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> Infection in an Underdeveloped Rural Region of Southwestern China.

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