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Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) silencing in Helicobacter pylori-infected human gastric epithelium.

ABSTRACT: Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection induces methylation silencing of specific genes in gastric epithelium. Various stimuli activate the nonselective cation channel TRPV4, which is expressed in gastric epithelium where it detects mechanical stimuli and promotes ATP release. As CpG islands in TRPV4 are methylated in HP-infected gastric epithelium, we evaluated HP infection-dependent changes in TRPV4 expression in gastric epithelium. Human gastric biopsy samples, a human gastric cancer cell line (AGS), and a normal gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1) were used to detect TRPV4 mRNA and protein expression by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Ca2+ imaging was used to evaluate TRPV4 ion channel activity. TRPV4 methylation status was assessed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). ATP release was measured by a luciferin-luciferase assay. TRPV4 mRNA and protein were detected in human gastric biopsy samples and in GES-1 cells. MSP and demethylation assays showed TRPV4 methylation silencing in AGS cells. HP coculture directly induced methylation silencing of TRPV4 in GES-1 cells. In human samples, HP infection was associated with TRPV4 methylation silencing that recovered after HP eradication in a time-dependent manner. HP infection-dependent DNA methylation suppressed TRPV4 expression in human gastric epithelia, suggesting that TRPV4 methylation may be involved in HP-associated dyspepsia.

SUBMITTER: Mihara H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5363345 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) silencing in Helicobacter pylori-infected human gastric epithelium.

Mihara Hiroshi H Suzuki Nobuhiro N Muhammad Jibran Sualeh JS Nanjo Sohachi S Ando Takayuki T Fujinami Haruka H Kajiura Shinya S Hosokawa Ayumu A Sugiyama Toshiro T

Helicobacter 20160930 2

<h4>Background</h4>Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection induces methylation silencing of specific genes in gastric epithelium. Various stimuli activate the nonselective cation channel TRPV4, which is expressed in gastric epithelium where it detects mechanical stimuli and promotes ATP release. As CpG islands in TRPV4 are methylated in HP-infected gastric epithelium, we evaluated HP infection-dependent changes in TRPV4 expression in gastric epithelium.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Human gastric biop ...[more]

PMID: 27687509

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Project description:PurposeHydration and ionic composition of the subretinal space (SRS) is modulated by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In particular calcium concentration (Ca(2+)) in the SRS varies with light exposure, and although this change is regulated by RPE transport activity, the specific transport proteins involved have yet to be defined. Two members of the transient receptor potential vanilloid family, TRPV5 and TRPV6, are calcium selective ion channels and are known to be expressed in calcium-transporting epithelial tissues. The present work characterizes of TRPV5 and TRPV6 in RPE.MethodsReverse transcriptase PCR was used to examine the presence of TRPV5 and TRPV6 mRNA in cultured human RPE. Protein expression was assessed by western blotting using TRPV5- and TRPV6-specific antibodies. Immunocytochemistry was employed to examine subcellular localization of TRPV5 and TRPV6 in frozen, formaldehyde-fixed sections of native RPE-choroid tissue and in cultured human RPE monolayers. Finally, TRPV5/TRPV6 activity was assessed in cultured RPE, using Ca(2+) indicator dyes to follow [Ca(2+)](i) as a function of changes in [Ca(2+)](o) with and without addition of the TRPV5/TRPV6 inhibitor ruthenium red.ResultsDirect sequencing of PCR DNAs documented the presence of TRPV5 and TRPV6 transcripts in human RPE. Immunocytochemistry showed that TRPV5 and TRPV6 are expressed in native RPE-choroid tissue with strong immunoreactivity for both channels on the apical as well as the basal plasma membranes. Immunostaining for both channels was also positive in monolayers of cultured RPE cells. In cultured cells subcellular localization was variable with immunoreactivity present in the cytoplasmic domain as well as on the plasma membrane. Plasma membrane staining was increased with phagocytosis. The reported molecular weight of the core protein for both TRPV5 and TRPV6 is about 75 kDa, with the expected size of the glycosylated proteins in the range of 85-100 kDa. Western blot analysis of TRPV6 in RPE detected a distinct band at approximately 85 kDa, with another strong band at approximately 60 kDa. A similar pattern was seen for TRPV5, with strong bands at 82 kDa and 71 kDa. In live-cell imaging experiments, [Ca(2+)](i) was lower in the presence of the TRPV5/TRPV6 inhibitor ruthenium red.ConclusionsRPE expresses the epithelial calcium channels TRPV5 and TRPV6, the most calcium-selective channels of the TRP superfamily. Present findings suggest that these channels could function in RPE to mediate calcium influx from SRS and thus regulate changes in SRS calcium composition that accompany light/dark transitions.

Project description:Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is well-known to be involved in gastric carcinogenesis, associated with deregulation of cell proliferation and epigenetic changes in cancer-related genes. H. pylori infection is largely acquired during childhood, persisting long-term in about half of infected individuals, a subset of whom will go on to develop peptic ulcer disease and eventually gastric cancer, however, the sequence of events leading to disease is not completely understood. Knowledge on carcinogenesis and gastric damage-related biomarkers is abundant in adult populations, but scarce in children. We performed an extensive literature review focusing on gastric cancer related biomarkers identified in adult populations, which have been detected in children infected with H. pylori. Biomarkers were related to expression levels (RNA or protein) and/or methylation levels (DNA) in gastric tissue or blood of infected children as compared to non-infected controls. In this review, we identified 37 biomarkers of which 24 are over expressed, three are under expressed, and ten genes are significantly hypermethylated in H. pylori-infected children compared to healthy controls in at least 1 study. Only four of these biomarkers (pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin, and SLC5A8) have been studied in asymptomatically infected children. Importantly, 13 of these biomarkers (β-catenin, C-MYC, GATA-4, DAPK1, CXCL13, DC-SIGN, TIMP3, EGFR, GRIN2B, PIM2, SLC5A8, CDH1, and VCAM-1.) are consistently deregulated in infected children and in adults with gastric cancer. Future studies should be designed to determine the clinical significance of these changes in infection-associated biomarkers in children and their persistence over time. The effect of eradication therapy over these biomarkers in children if proven significant, could lead to modifications in treatment guidelines for younger populations, and eventually promote the development of preventive strategies, such as vaccination, in the near future.

Dataset Information

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) silencing in Helicobacter pylori-infected human gastric epithelium.

Publications

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) silencing in Helicobacter pylori-infected human gastric epithelium.

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