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Effects of voluntary exercise on structure and function of cortical microvasculature.

ABSTRACT: Aerobic activity has been shown highly beneficial to brain health, yet much uncertainty still surrounds the effects of exercise on the functioning of cerebral microvasculature. This study used two-photon fluorescence microscopy to examine cerebral hemodynamic alterations as well as accompanying geometric changes in the cortical microvascular network following five weeks of voluntary exercise in transgenic mice endogenously expressing tdTomato in vascular endothelial cells to allow visualization of microvessels irrespective of their perfusion levels. We found a diminished microvascular response to a hypercapnic challenge (10% FiCO₂) in running mice when compared to that in nonrunning controls despite commensurate increases in transcutaneous CO₂ tension. The flow increase to hypercapnia in runners was 70% lower than that in nonrunners (p?=?0.0070) and the runners' arteriolar red blood cell speed changed by only half the amount seen in nonrunners (p?=?0.0085). No changes were seen in resting hemodynamics or in the systemic physiological parameters measured. Although a few unperfused new vessels were observed on visual inspection, running did not produce significant morphological differences in the microvascular morphometric parameters, quantified following semiautomated tracking of the microvascular networks. We propose that voluntary running led to increased cortical microvascular efficiency and desensitization to CO₂ elevation.

SUBMITTER: Dorr A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5363487 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of voluntary exercise on structure and function of cortical microvasculature.

Dorr Adrienne A Thomason Lynsie Am LA Koletar Margaret M MM Joo Illsung L IL Steinman Joe J Cahill Lindsay S LS Sled John G JG Stefanovic Bojana B

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 20161001 3

Aerobic activity has been shown highly beneficial to brain health, yet much uncertainty still surrounds the effects of exercise on the functioning of cerebral microvasculature. This study used two-photon fluorescence microscopy to examine cerebral hemodynamic alterations as well as accompanying geometric changes in the cortical microvascular network following five weeks of voluntary exercise in transgenic mice endogenously expressing tdTomato in vascular endothelial cells to allow visualization ...[more]

PMID: 27683451

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Project description:PurposeTo evaluate the effects of pressure changes induced by a multipressure dial (MPD) on circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and capillary density (CD) measurements in patients with glaucoma using OCT angiography (OCTA).DesignProspective interventional study.ParticipantsTwenty-four patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.MethodsOne eye of each patient underwent negative pressure application with the MPD. The MPD alters intraocular pressure (IOP) relative to atmospheric pressure by generating a negative pressure vacuum within a goggle chamber that is placed over the eye. Each participant underwent serial high density OCTA imaging (AngioVue) of the optic nerve head at different negative pressure increments of -5 mmHg, starting from 0 mmHg, ending at -20 mmHg, and then returning to baseline. Images were acquired after 2 minutes of sustained negative pressure at each target pressure to allow for stabilization of the retinal structures and microvasculature. The RNFL thickness and CD measurements were automatically calculated using the native AngioVue software, and then exported for analysis.Main outcome measuresThe influence of different levels of negative pressure on circumpapillary RNFL thickness and CD measurements, assessed by a linear mixed-effects model with repeated measures.ResultsThe mean (± SD) age was 71.0 years (± 7.8 years), the baseline IOP was 17.5 mmHg (± 3.6 mmHg), and there was a mean 24-2 mean deviation of -2.80 dB (± 2.55 dB). Serial circumpapillary CD measurements showed a statistically significant dose-dependent increase from baseline, without negative pressure application, to the maximum negative pressure application of -20 mmHg (difference, 2.27%; P = 0.010). Capillary density measurements then decreased symmetrically when lowering the negative pressure to baseline. Circumpapillary CD measurements at target negative pressures of -10 mmHg, -15 mmHg, and -20 mmHg were significantly higher than the baseline measurements (all P values < 0.05). Circumpapillary RNFL thickness remained the same throughout different levels of negative pressure.ConclusionsCircumpapillary CD measurements showed a dose-dependent increase with the induction of negative pressure, while RNFL thickness measurements remained unchanged.

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Effects of voluntary exercise on structure and function of cortical microvasculature.

Publications

Effects of voluntary exercise on structure and function of cortical microvasculature.

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