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MCM10 overexpression implicates adverse prognosis in urothelial carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) occurs in the upper urinary tract (UTUC) and the urinary bladder (UBUC). The molecular pathogenesis of UC has not been fully elucidated. Through data mining of a published transcriptome of UBUC (GSE31684), we identified Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2 (MCM2) and MCM10 as the two most significantly upregulated genes in UC progression among the MCM gene family, the key factors for the initiation of DNA replication. To validate the clinical significance of MCM2 and MCM10, immunohistochemistry, evaluated by H-score, was used in a pilot study of 50 UTUC and 50 UBUC samples. Only a high expression level of MCM10 predicted worse disease-specific survival (DSS) and inferior metastasis-free survival (MeFS) for both UTUC and UBUC. Correspondingly, evaluation of MCM10 mRNA expression in 36 UTUCs and 30 UBUCs showed significantly upregulated levels in high stage UC, suggesting its role in tumor progression. Evaluation of 340 UTUC and 296 UBUC tissue samples, respectively, demonstrated that high MCM10 immunoexpression was significantly associated with advanced primary tumors, nodal status, and the presence of vascular invasion in both groups of UCs. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, adjusted for standard clinicopathological features, MCM10 overexpression was independently associated with DSS (UTUC hazard ratio [HR]=2.401, P = 0.013; UBUC HR=4.323, P=0.001) and with MeFS (UTUC HR=3.294, P<0.001; UBUC HR=1.972, P=0.015). In vitro, knockdown of MCM10 gene significantly suppressed cell proliferation in both J82 and TCCSUP cells. In conclusion, MCM10 overexpression was associated with unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics and independent negative prognostic effects, justifying its potential theranostic value in UC.

SUBMITTER: Li WM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5363620 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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MCM10 overexpression implicates adverse prognosis in urothelial carcinoma.

Li Wei-Ming WM Huang Chun-Nung CN Ke Hung-Lung HL Li Ching-Chia CC Wei Yu-Ching YC Yeh Hsin-Chih HC Chang Lin-Li LL Huang Chun-Hsiung CH Liang Peir-In PI Yeh Bi-Wen BW Chan Ti-Chun TC Li Chien-Feng CF Wu Wen-Jeng WJ

Oncotarget 20161101 47

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) occurs in the upper urinary tract (UTUC) and the urinary bladder (UBUC). The molecular pathogenesis of UC has not been fully elucidated. Through data mining of a published transcriptome of UBUC (GSE31684), we identified Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2 (MCM2) and MCM10 as the two most significantly upregulated genes in UC progression among the MCM gene family, the key factors for the initiation of DNA replication. To validate the clinical significance of M ...[more]

PMID: 27780919

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Project description:BackgroundThe mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) link glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle by decarboxylating pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A irreversibly. Cancer cells are characterized by a shift in cellular metabolism from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis. PDC activity inhibition mediated by phosphorylation via pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) has been linked to cancer. However, the clinical significance of PDKs in urothelial cancer prognosis is not clear. We investigated the role and prognostic value of PDK3 expression in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UBUC).Patients and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical data and pathological features. Formalin-fixed urothelial carcinoma (UC) tissues were collected and embedded in paraffin. The correlation of PDK3 expression with clinical characteristics, pathological findings and patient outcomes, including metastasis-free survival (MFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were analyzed by Pearson's chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsData from 295 patients with UBUC and 340 patients with UTUC were evaluated. High PDK3 expression significantly correlated with several pathologic variables such as high T stage, lymph node metastases, high tumor grade, vascular invasion, and high mitotic rate (all P < 0.001). High PDK3 expression was associated with poor disease-specific survival (DSS) (P < 0.0001) and metastatic free survival (MFS) (P < 0.0001) in a Kaplan-Meier analysis. Additionally, multivariate analysis demonstrated increased PDK3 expression is a significant predictive risk factor for DSS [hazard ratio (HR) in UBUC, 2.79, P = 0.009; in UTUC, 2.561, P = 0.03] and MFS (HR in UBUC, 1.907, P = 0.024; in UTUC, 1.793, P = 0.044). The gene co-expression analysis showed abundant PDK3 co-upregulated genes were involved in the processes of DNA replication and repair through the Gene Ontology classification system.ConclusionHigh PDK3 expression has been linked to negative pathologic characteristics and poor oncological outcomes, suggesting that it could be used as a predictive biomarker for UC. PDK3 mRNA levels and its co-upregulated genes were strongly associated with DNA replication and repair. These results suggest that PDK3 may play a key role in tumor proliferation and development.

Project description:BackgroundUrothelial carcinoma (UC) commonly occurs in the urinary bladder (UB) and rarely in upper the upper urinary tract (UT). Its molecular pathogenesis, however, remains obscure. Though the constitutive phosphorylation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (STAT5) is an important part of carcinogenesis generally, researchers have not systematically investigated this process specifically in relation to UC. The present study addresses this gap. Through data mining a published transcriptomic database of UBUCs (GSE32894), it identified Colony Stimulating Factor 2 (CSF2) as the stepwise upregulated gene of much significance among those related to the positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 (GO:0042523). Since the phosphorylation of STAT5, a key process in the development of UC, is closely associated with CSF2, we then examine CSF2 transcript and protein expression, justifying their association with clinicopathological features and survival in our well-established cohort of patients with UC.DesignLaser capture microdissection in conjunction with real-time qRT-PCR are used to detect CSF2 transcript levels in 24 UBUCs and 6 non-tumor urothelium samples. We then used the H-score method to evaluate the immunohistochemistry in order to determine CSF2 protein expression in 296 UBUCs and 340 UTUCs, respectively. After correlating protein expression status with key clinicopathological features, the prognostic significance of CSF2 protein expression was determined for disease-specific survival (DSS) and metastasis-free survival (MeFS).ResultsWe exclusively detected the CSF2 transcript, which was stepwise upregulated in tumor lesions (p=0.010). In both groups of UC we found overexpression of CSF2 significantly related to incremental pT status (UTUC, p=0.011; UBUC, p<0.001), as well as with perineural invasion (UTUC, p=0.002; UBUC, p=0.001). Univariate analysis found a close correlation between CSF2 overexpression and unfavorable prognosis for both DSS (UTUC, p=0.0001; UBUC, p<0.0001) and MeFS (UTUC, p=0.0001; UBUC, p=0.0002). High expression of CSF2 still remained prognostically for DSS (UTUC, p=0.015; UBUC, p=0.004) and MeFS (UTUC, p=0.008; UBUC, p=0.027) in multivariate comparison.ConclusionOur data showed that overexpression of CSF2 was inferred in advanced disease status and poor clinical outcomes for both UTUC and UBUC patients, suggesting that CSF2 may serve as an important prognosticator and a potential therapeutic target of UC.

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MCM10 overexpression implicates adverse prognosis in urothelial carcinoma.

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MCM10 overexpression implicates adverse prognosis in urothelial carcinoma.

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