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Persistence of weight loss and acquired behaviors 2 y after stopping a 2-y calorie restriction intervention.

ABSTRACT: Background: Calorie restriction (CR) influences aging processes and extends average and maximal life spans. The CALERIE 2 (Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy Phase 2) study was the first randomized clinical trial to examine the metabolic and psychological effects of CR in nonobese humans.Objective: We conducted a 2-y follow-up study of adults who underwent 2 y of CR or ad libitum (control) consumption and determined whether weight loss and acquired behaviors persisted after the study ended when participants determined their own lifestyle behaviors.Design: In this prospective, longitudinal study, we assessed differences in weight, body composition, psychological function, and energy expenditure in 39 nonobese [body mass index (in kg/m2): 22-28] men and women (25% CR: n = 24; control: n = 15) 12 and 24 mo after they completed the CALERIE 2 study at Pennington Biomedical.Results: Of 39 participants who were in the follow-up study, 29 subjects (CR: n = 18; control: n = 11) completed all visits at follow-up months 12 and 24. After the CR intervention, a mean ± SEM weight loss of 9.0 ± 0.6 kg was observed in the CR group, in which only 54% of the weight was regained 2 y later. Despite such a regain, weight, the percentage of body fat, and fat mass remained significantly reduced from baseline throughout follow-up and remained significantly less than in the control group (P < 0.05). At follow-up, the CR group retained higher degrees of dietary restraint and avoidance of certain foods.Conclusion: After a 2-y intensive CR intervention, ?50% of CR-induced weight loss was maintained 2 y later, which was probably the result of lasting effects on acquired behaviors and dietary restraint. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00943215.

SUBMITTER: Marlatt KL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5366052 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Persistence of weight loss and acquired behaviors 2 y after stopping a 2-y calorie restriction intervention.

Marlatt Kara L KL Redman Leanne M LM Burton Jeff H JH Martin Corby K CK Ravussin Eric E

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20170308 4

<b>Background:</b> Calorie restriction (CR) influences aging processes and extends average and maximal life spans. The CALERIE 2 (Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy Phase 2) study was the first randomized clinical trial to examine the metabolic and psychological effects of CR in nonobese humans.<b>Objective:</b> We conducted a 2-y follow-up study of adults who underwent 2 y of CR or ad libitum (control) consumption and determined whether weight loss and ac ...[more]

PMID: 28275127

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Project description:Background:Mathematical models have been developed to predict body weight (BW) and composition changes in response to lifestyle interventions, but these models have not been adequately validated over the long term. Objective:We compared mathematical models of human BW dynamics underlying 2 popular web-based weight-loss prediction tools, the National Institutes of Health Body Weight Planner (NIH BWP) and the Pennington Biomedical Research Center Weight Loss Predictor (PBRC WLP), with data from the 2-year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study. Design:Mathematical models were initialized using baseline CALERIE data, and changes in body weight (?BW), fat mass (?FM), and energy expenditure (?EE) were simulated in response to time-varying changes in energy intake (?EI) objectively measured using the intake-balance method. No model parameters were adjusted from their previously published values. Results:The PBRC WLP model simulated an exaggerated early decrease in EE in response to calorie restriction, resulting in substantial underestimation of the observed mean (95% CI) BW losses by 3.8 (3.5, 4.2) kg. The NIH WLP simulations were much closer to the data, with an overall mean ?BW bias of -0.47 (-0.92, -0.015) kg. Linearized model analysis revealed that the main reason for the PBRC WLP model bias was a parameter value defining how spontaneous physical activity expenditure decreased with caloric restriction. Both models exhibited substantial variability in their ability to simulate individual results in response to calorie restriction. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that ?EI measurement uncertainties were a major contributor to the individual variability in NIH BWP model simulations. Conclusions:The NIH BWP outperformed the PBRC WLP and accurately simulated average weight-loss and energy balance dynamics in response to long-term calorie restriction. However, the substantial variability in the NIH BWP model predictions at the individual level suggests cautious interpretation of individual-level simulations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00427193.

Dataset Information

Persistence of weight loss and acquired behaviors 2 y after stopping a 2-y calorie restriction intervention.

Publications

Persistence of weight loss and acquired behaviors 2 y after stopping a 2-y calorie restriction intervention.

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