Dataset Information

Lignification of Sheepgrass Internodes at Different Developmental Stages and Associated Alteration of Cell Wall Saccharification Efficiency.

ABSTRACT: Sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis) is a high-quality cool-season forage crop used as pasture and hay for livestock feeds. The presence of lignin in cell walls, however, impairs forage digestibility of such lignocellulosic feedstock. Here, the structural characterization and cell wall composition of sheepgrass internodes were studied, and a progressive increase in cell wall lignification was observed with internode maturation. Lignin composition analysis further revealed a gradual accumulation of guaiacyl and syringyl lignin units during internode development. Consistently, the transcript abundance of lignin-related genes was upregulated in mature internodes, suggesting their potential roles in lignin biosynthesis. Furthermore, the effects of cell wall composition and lignification extent on biomass saccharification efficiency were examined in sheepgrass. The results showed that lignin content, guaiacyl and syringyl lignin unit levels inversely correlated with cell wall digestibility, indicating that lignin is a crucial obstacle for utilizing sheepgrass feedstock. The baseline information obtained in this work will facilitate establishment, grazing management, harvesting and feedstock utilization of sheepgrass in future.

SUBMITTER: Wang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5366342 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Lignification of Sheepgrass Internodes at Different Developmental Stages and Associated Alteration of Cell Wall Saccharification Efficiency.

Wang Jianli J Ma Lichao L Shen Zhongbao Z Sun Dequan D Zhong Peng P Bai Zetao Z Zhang Hailing H Cao Yingping Y Bao Yan Y Fu Chunxiang C

Frontiers in plant science 20170327

Sheepgrass (<i>Leymus chinensis</i>) is a high-quality cool-season forage crop used as pasture and hay for livestock feeds. The presence of lignin in cell walls, however, impairs forage digestibility of such lignocellulosic feedstock. Here, the structural characterization and cell wall composition of sheepgrass internodes were studied, and a progressive increase in cell wall lignification was observed with internode maturation. Lignin composition analysis further revealed a gradual accumulation ...[more]

PMID: 28396679

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Project description:BackgroundThe composition of biomass determines its suitability for different applications within a biorefinery system. The proportion of the major biomass fractions (sugar, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) may vary in different sugarcane genotypes and growth environments and different parts of the plant. This study investigated the composition of mature and immature internodes, roots and mature leaves of sugarcane.ResultsInternodes were found to have a significantly larger alcohol-soluble component than leaves and roots. The primary difference between the immature and mature internodes was the ratio of soluble sugars. In mature tissues, sucrose content was significantly higher, whereas in immature internodal tissues there was lower sucrose and heightened concentrations of reducing sugars. Carbon (C) partitioning in leaf tissues was characterised by low levels of soluble components and high "other" and cell wall fractions. Root tissue had low ratios of soluble fractions relative to their cell wall contents, indicating a lack of storage of soluble carbon. There was no significant difference in the ratio of the major cell wall fractions between the major organ types. Characterisation of individual non-cellulosic monomers indicated leaf and root tissues had significantly higher arabinose and galactose fractions. Significantly larger proportions of syringyl lignin compounds and the hydroxycinnamic compound, p-coumaric acid were observed in mature internodal tissues compared to the other tissue types. Tissue-specific differences in composition were shown to greatly affect the recalcitrance of the cell wall to enzymatic saccharification.ConclusionsOverall, this study displayed clear evidence of the differential partitioning of C throughout the sugarcane plant in specific organs. These organ-specific differences have major implications in their utility as a bioproduct feedstock. For example, the inclusion of trash (leaves) with the culms (internodes) may alter processing efficiency.

Project description:Sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel) is an important forage grass in the Eurasian steppe. However, little information is available concerning its seed morphological features and germination characteristics during seed development and after-ripening among different germplasm. To clarify the appropriate seed harvest time and the effects of germplasm, seed development and after-ripening on seed germination, 20 germplasm of sheepgrass were selected. Moreover, the seed morphological and physical changes as well as the seed germination and dormancy characteristics of sheepgrass during seed development stages were analyzed using a seven-d gradient of day after pollination (DAP). The results indicated that the seed water content decreased significantly during 35-42 DAP and that the highest seed germination rate of most germplasm was observed at 35-42 DAP. Thus, 35-42 DAP may be the best time to harvest sheepgrass to obtain the maximum seed germination rate and avoid seed shattering. Furthermore, our results indicated that there were six types of germination patterns, including germplasm with increasing germination rates in the developing seed, such as S19 and S13, and germplasm that maintained a consistently low germination rate, such as S10. Moreover, we compared the seed germination rate of eight germplasm during seed development in both 2016 and 2017, and the results indicated that the seed germination patterns of the eight germplasm were highly consistent between the two consecutive years, suggesting that germplasm rather than year is the major factor in determining germination during seed development. The effect of after-ripening on seed germination was different among the germplasm where four types of germination patterns were revealed for 10 germplasm and resulted in various dormancy features. A two-factor ANOVA analysis suggested that the germplasm of the sheepgrass has a large influence on seed germination, whether during seed development or after-ripening. Thus, these findings lay the foundation for future studies on seed dormancy and germination and may guide the breeding of new cultivars of sheepgrass with better germination performance.

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Project description:BackgroundPsoroptic mange is a chronic, refractory, contagious and infectious disease mainly caused by the mange mite Psoroptes ovis, which can infect horses, sheep, buffaloes, rabbits, other domestic animals, deer, wild camels, foxes, minks, lemurs, alpacas, elks and other wild animals. Features of the disease include intense pruritus and dermatitis, depilation and hyperkeratosis, which ultimately result in emaciation or death caused by secondary bacterial infections. The infestation is usually transmitted by close contact between animals. Psoroptic mange is widespread in the world. In this paper, the transcriptome of P. ovis is described following sequencing and analysis of transcripts from samples of larvae (i.e. the Pso_L group) and nymphs and adults (i.e. the Pso_N_A group). The study describes differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and genes encoding allergens, which help understanding the biology of P. ovis and lay foundations for the development of vaccine antigens and drug target screening.MethodsThe transcriptome of P. ovis was assembled and analyzed using bioinformatic tools. The unigenes of P. ovis from each developmental stage and the unigenes differentially between developmental stages were compared with allergen protein sequences contained in the allergen database website to predict potential allergens.ResultsWe identified 38,836 unigenes, whose mean length was 825 bp. On the basis of sequence similarity with seven databases, a total of 17,366 unigenes were annotated. A total of 1,316 DEGs were identified, including 496 upregulated and 820 downregulated in the Pso_L group compared with the Pso_N_A group. We predicted 205 allergens genes in the two developmental stages similar to genes from other mites and ticks, of these, 14 were among the upregulated DEGs and 26 among the downregulated DEGs.ConclusionThis study provides a reference transcriptome of P. ovis in absence of a reference genome. The analysis of DEGs and putative allergen genes may lay the foundation for studies of functional genomics, immunity and gene expression profiles of this parasitic mite species.

Dataset Information

Lignification of Sheepgrass Internodes at Different Developmental Stages and Associated Alteration of Cell Wall Saccharification Efficiency.

Publications

Lignification of Sheepgrass Internodes at Different Developmental Stages and Associated Alteration of Cell Wall Saccharification Efficiency.

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