Dataset Information

Seasonal Changes in the Tetrodotoxin Content of the Flatworm Planocera multitentaculata.

ABSTRACT: Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that acts specifically on voltage-gated sodium channels on excitable membranes of muscle and nerve tissues. The biosynthetic process for TTX is unclear, although marine bacteria are generally thought to be the primary producers. The marine flatworm Planocera multitentaculata is a known TTX-bearing organism, and is suspected to be a TTX supplier to pufferfish. In this study, flatworm specimens were collected from an intertidal zone in Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan, the TTX content of the flatworm was measured using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and seasonal changes in TTX content were investigated. No significant difference in TTX concentration of the flatworm body was found between the spawning period and other periods. However, the TTX content in individual flatworms was significantly higher in the spawning period than at other times. The TTX content rose in association with an increase in the body weight of the flatworm.

SUBMITTER: Yamada R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5367013 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Seasonal Changes in the Tetrodotoxin Content of the Flatworm Planocera multitentaculata.

Yamada Riko R Tsunashima Tadasuke T Takei Mitsuki M Sato Tatsunori T Wajima Yoshiki Y Kawase Makoto M Oshikiri Shotaro S Kajitani Yusuke Y Kosoba Keita K Ueda Hiroyuki H Abe Koko K Itoi Shiro S Sugita Haruo H

Marine drugs 20170225 3

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that acts specifically on voltage-gated sodium channels on excitable membranes of muscle and nerve tissues. The biosynthetic process for TTX is unclear, although marine bacteria are generally thought to be the primary producers. The marine flatworm <i>Planocera multitentaculata</i> is a known TTX-bearing organism, and is suspected to be a TTX supplier to pufferfish. In this study, flatworm specimens were collected from an intertidal zone in Hayama, Kanag ...[more]

PMID: 28245608

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Project description:Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is one of the most potent naturally occurring compounds and is responsible for many human intoxications worldwide. Paphies australis are endemic clams to New Zealand which contain varying concentrations of TTX. Research suggests that P. australis accumulate the toxin exogenously, but the source remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to identify potential bacterial TTX-producers by exploring differences in bacterial communities in two organs of P. australis: the siphon and digestive gland. Samples from the digestive glands of a non-toxic bivalve Austrovenus stutchburyi that lives amongst toxic P. australis populations were also analyzed. Bacterial communities were characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA gene metabarcoding in P. australis sourced monthly from the Hokianga Harbor, a site known to have TTX-bearing clams, for 1 year, from ten sites with varying TTX concentrations around New Zealand, and in A. stutchburyi from the Hokianga Harbor. Tetrodotoxin was detected in P. australis from sites all around New Zealand and in all P. australis collected monthly from the Hokianga Harbor. The toxin averaged 150 ?g kg-1 over the year of sampling in the Hokianga Harbor but no TTX was detected in the A. stutchburyi samples from the same site. Bacterial species diversity differed amongst sites (p < 0.001, F = 5.9) and the diversity in siphon samples was significantly higher than in digestive glands (p < 0.001, F = 65.8). Spirochaetaceae (4-60%) and Mycoplasmataceae (16-78%) were the most abundant families in the siphons and the digestive glands, respectively. The bacterial communities were compared between sites with the lowest TTX concentrations and the Hokianga Harbor (site with the highest TTX concentrations), and the core bacterial communities from TTX-bearing individuals were analyzed. The results from both spatial and temporal studies corroborate with previous hypotheses that Vibrio and Bacillus could be responsible for the source of TTX in bivalves. The results from this study also indicate that marine cyanobacteria, in particular picocyanobacteria (e.g., Cyanobium, Synechococcus, Pleurocapsa, and Prochlorococcus), should be investigated further as potential TTX producers.

Project description:Simple Summary The proper development and health of the body is determined by the correct concentration and proportion of minerals in tissues, body fluids, and also in the coat. Due to its structure, the coat is an excellent biological material for assessing the accumulation of metals in the animal’s body over a long period of time. Changes in the mineral profile can occur under the influence of various factors, such as age, breed, the quality of feed consumed, and the season in which the sample was obtained. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of seasons on the content of selected trace elements in the hair of Hucul horses kept in semi-natural living conditions. It was found that there were differences in the levels of the trace elements studied according to the season. In addition, positive correlations was shown between the content of iron and manganese as well as iron and aluminium. The occurrence of variability not only within seasons but also between the studied populations indicates the need for further research. Abstract The purpose of the study was to evaluate seasonal changes in selected trace elements such as Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Al in the coat of healthy Hucul horses kept in south-eastern Poland in two different facilities and fed with locally sourced feed. The coat for the study was collected from 24 individuals in autumn, winter, and spring. The concentration of elements in the feed was also determined. The date of collection had a significant effect on the concentration of the micronutrients analysed in the coat of Hucul horses. The highest concentration of Zn was found in the coat taken in summer. The coat taken in autumn had the highest concentrations of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Al compared with the other seasons. The highest concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Al were found in fur taken in winter, with the lowest levels of Zn. Positive correlations were found between the content of iron and manganese, iron and aluminium, and manganese and aluminium in the coat of Hucul horses. A clear inter-individual and inter-stable variability was found, which may indicate the need for further research that also takes into account other factors.

Dataset Information

Seasonal Changes in the Tetrodotoxin Content of the Flatworm Planocera multitentaculata.

Publications

Seasonal Changes in the Tetrodotoxin Content of the Flatworm Planocera multitentaculata.

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