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The Effect of Right Colon Retroflexion on Adenoma Detection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Although colonoscopy with polypectomy can prevent up to 80% of colorectal cancers, a significant adenoma miss rate still exists, particularly in the right colon. Previous studies addressing right colon retroflexion have revealed discordant evidence regarding the benefit of this maneuver on adenoma detection with concomitant concerns about safety and rates of maneuver success. In this meta-analysis, we sought to determine the effect of right colon retroflexion on improving adenoma detection compared with conventional colonoscopy without retroflexion, as well as determine the rates of retroflexion maneuver success and adverse events. METHODS:Multiple databases including MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for studies on right colon retroflexion and its impact on adenoma detection compared with conventional colonoscopy. Pooled analyses of adenoma detection and retroflexion success were based on mixed-effects and random-effects models with heterogeneity analyses. RESULTS:Eight studies met the inclusion criteria (N=3660). The primary analysis comparing colonoscopy with right-sided retroflexion versus conventional colonoscopy to determine the per-adenoma miss rate in the right colon was 16.9% (95% confidence interval, 12.5%-22.5%). The overall rate of successful retroflexion was 91.9% (95% confidence interval, 86%-95%) and rate of adverse events was 0.03%. CONCLUSIONS:Colonoscopy with right-sided retroflexion significantly increases the detection of adenomas in the right colon compared with conventional colonoscopy with a high rate of maneuver success and small risk of adverse events. Thus, reexamination of the right colon in retroflexed view should be strongly considered in future standard of care colonoscopy guidelines for quality improvement in colon cancer prevention.

SUBMITTER: Cohen J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5373924 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Effect of Right Colon Retroflexion on Adenoma Detection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Cohen Jonah J Grunwald Douglas D Grossberg Laurie B LB Sawhney Mandeep S MS

Journal of clinical gastroenterology 20171001 9

<h4>Background</h4>Although colonoscopy with polypectomy can prevent up to 80% of colorectal cancers, a significant adenoma miss rate still exists, particularly in the right colon. Previous studies addressing right colon retroflexion have revealed discordant evidence regarding the benefit of this maneuver on adenoma detection with concomitant concerns about safety and rates of maneuver success. In this meta-analysis, we sought to determine the effect of right colon retroflexion on improving aden ...[more]

PMID: 27683963

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Project description:ObjectivesAlthough screening colonoscopy is effective in preventing distal colon cancers, effectiveness in preventing right-sided colon cancers is less clear. Previous studies have reported that retroflexion in the right colon improves adenoma detection. We aimed to determine whether a second withdrawal from the right colon in retroflexion vs. forward view alone leads to the detection of additional adenomas.MethodsPatients undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy were invited to participate in a parallel, randomized, controlled trial at two centers. After cecal intubation, the colonoscope was withdrawn to the hepatic flexure, all visualized polyps removed, and endoscopist confidence recorded on a 5-point Likert scale. Patients were randomized to a second exam of the proximal colon in forward (FV) or retroflexion view (RV), and adenoma detection rates (ADRs) compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate predictors of identifying adenomas on the second withdrawal from the proximal colon.ResultsA total of 850 patients (mean age 59.1±8.3 years, 59% female) were randomly assigned to FV (N=400) or RV (N=450). Retroflexion was successful in 93.5%. The ADR (46% FV and 47% RV) and numbers of adenomas per patient (0.9±1.4 FV and 1.1±2.1 RV) were similar (P=0.75 for both). At least one additional adenoma was detected on second withdrawal in similar proportions (10.5% FV and 7.5% RV, P=0.13). Predictors of identifying adenomas on the second withdrawal included older age (odds ratio (OR)=1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.01-1.08), adenomas seen on initial withdrawal (OR=2.8, 95% CI=1.7-4.7), and low endoscopist confidence in quality of first examination of the right colon (OR=4.8, 95% CI=1.9-12.1). There were no adverse events.ConclusionsRetroflexion in the right colon can be safely achieved in the majority of patients undergoing colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. Reexamination of the right colon in either retroflexed or forward view yielded similar, incremental ADRs. A second exam of the right colon should be strongly considered in patients who have adenomas discovered in the right colon, particularly when endoscopist confidence in the quality of initial examination is low.

Project description:BackgroundAlthough colonoscopic retroflexion has been proved effective in reducing missed adenomas, there is still a lack of comprehensive and in-depth research focused on the ascending colon. We aimed to conduct a randomized controlled trial and tandem colonoscopy to investigate whether cecal retroflexion observed during colonoscopy can reduce missed adenomas in the ascending colon.MethodsMen and women required to be between 45 and 80 years of age were screened for enrollment in the trial. Patients were randomly assigned according to a 1:1 ratio to either the trial group or control group. Patients in the trial group underwent 2 forward examination and a cecal retroflexion observed in the ascending colon, while patients in the control group underwent only 2 forward examinations in the ascending colon. The primary outcome was adenoma miss rate. The secondary outcomes contained adenoma detection rate, polyp miss rate, polyp detection rate, insertion time and withdrawal time. Differences between groups in the primary outcome and in the other categorical indicators were tested using chi-squared test and Fisher exact test. For the comparison of continuous outcomes, the Student t test was applied.ResultsA total of 60 subjects were eligible for the study between April to June 2020, of which 55 were randomized and eligible for analysis (26 to the control group and 29 to the trial group). The characteristics of patients were no significant differences statistically between the trial group and the control group. Similarly, the characteristics of the colonoscopy procedures included cecal insertion distance, the length of cecum and ascending colon, insertion time, withdrawal time, quality of bowel preparation, numerical rating scale for pain, polyps detected, and adenomas detected, and there were no significant differences statistically between the 2 groups (P = .864, P = .754, P = .700, P = .974, P = .585, P = .835, P = .373, P = .489). The characteristics of the polyps were also no significant differences statistically between the 2 groups.ConclusionThis pilot trial failed to show benefit of cecal retroflexion observed on adenoma missing of ascending colon during colonoscopy; however, further conclusions require a prospective study with a higher level of evidence. (NCT03355443).

Project description:Background Left ventricular dysfunction and cardiomyopathy are well documented adverse effects associated with chemotherapy agents. Limited information exists regarding the impact of chemotherapeutic agents on the integrity and function of the right ventricle (RV). Objectives The current metanalysis compared pre- chemotherapy versus post- chemotherapy RV parameters measured on 2D echocardiography in patients receiving anthracycline and/or trastuzumab across all breast cancer patients. Methods A systematic search across PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were performed from inception of the databases until November 2021 for relevant studies. We used the inverse variance method with a random effect model and DerSimonian and Laird method of Tau2 generation to calculate mean difference [MD] with 95% confidence interval [CI]. The analysis was carried out using RevMan Version 5.3 (Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014). Results Fifteen studies, constituting total of 644 patients, met the inclusion criteria, with most studies having a follow up period of less than 12 months from initiation of chemotherapy. Anthracycline and/or Trastuzumab chemotherapy resulted in a statistically significant reduction in right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) at follow-up [MD: 2.70, 95% CI: 0.27 to 5.13, P-value- 0.03, I2- 71%, χ2P-value < 0.05]. Treatment with Anthracycline and/or Trastuzumab chemotherapy resulted in a significant reduction in RV fractional area change (RVFAC) at follow-up [MD: 3.74, 95% CI: 1.33 to 6.15, P-value < 0.01, I2- 68%, χ2P-value < 0.05]. RV free wall longitudinal strain (RVFWLS) was lower at baseline, while LVEF was significantly reduced at follow-up [MD: -1.00, 95% CI: -1.86 to -0.15, P-value < 0.05, I2- 0%, χ2P-value-0.40], [MD: 4.04, 95% CI: 2.08 to 6.01, P-value < 0.01, I2- 91%, χ2P-value < 0.05], respectively. However, treatment with Anthracycline and/or Trastuzumab chemotherapy had no statistically significant effect on Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) at follow-up [MD: 0.53, 95% CI: -0.11 to 1.17, P-value-0.11, I2- 98%, χ2P-value < 0.05]. Conclusions Chemotherapy with anthracyclines and trastuzumab negatively affects right ventricular function leading to decline in RVEF, RVFAC, RVFWLS and LVEF.

Dataset Information

The Effect of Right Colon Retroflexion on Adenoma Detection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Publications

The Effect of Right Colon Retroflexion on Adenoma Detection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

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