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Quasi-stokeslet induced by thermoplasmonic Marangoni effect around a water vapor microbubble.

ABSTRACT: Rapid Marangoni flows around a water vapor microbubble (WVMB) is investigated using the thermoplasmonic effect of a gold nanoisland film (GNF). By focusing a laser onto the GNF, a stable WVMB with a diameter of ~10??m is generated in degassed water, while an air bubble generated in non-degassed water is larger than 40??m. Under continuous heating, the WVMB involves significantly rapid Marangoni flow. This flow is well-described by a stokeslet sat ~10??m above the surface of GNF, from which the maximum flow speed around the WVMB is estimated to exceed 1?m/s. This rapid flow generation is attributed to the small bubble size, over which the temperature is graded, and the superheat at the bubble surface in contact with the GNF. It is expected to be useful not only for microfluidic mixing but also for fundamental research on viscous flow induced by a single stokeslet.

SUBMITTER: Namura K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5374461 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Quasi-stokeslet induced by thermoplasmonic Marangoni effect around a water vapor microbubble.

Namura Kyoko K Nakajima Kaoru K Suzuki Motofumi M

Scientific reports 20170331

Rapid Marangoni flows around a water vapor microbubble (WVMB) is investigated using the thermoplasmonic effect of a gold nanoisland film (GNF). By focusing a laser onto the GNF, a stable WVMB with a diameter of ~10 μm is generated in degassed water, while an air bubble generated in non-degassed water is larger than 40 μm. Under continuous heating, the WVMB involves significantly rapid Marangoni flow. This flow is well-described by a stokeslet sat ~10 μm above the surface of GNF, from which the m ...[more]

PMID: 28361949

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Project description:Understanding the effects of laser light, water vapor, and energetic electron irradiation on the intrinsic properties of perovskites is important in the development of perovskite-based solar cells. Various phase transition and degradation processes have been reported when these agents interact with perovskites separately. However, detailed studies of their synergistic effects are still missing. In this work, the synergistic effect of three factors (exposure to laser light, water vapor, and e-beam) on the optical and physical properties of two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskite flakes [(BA)2(MA)2Pb3Br10] has been investigated in an environmental cell. When the perovskite flakes were subjected to moderate laser irradiation in a humid environment after prior e-beam irradiation, the photoluminescence (PL) peak centered at 480 nm vanished, while a new PL peak centered at 525 nm emerged, grew, and then quenched. This indicates the degradation process of the 2D RP perovskite was a phase transition to a three-dimensional (3D) perovskite [MAPbBr3] followed by the degradation of 3D perovskite. The spatial distribution of the 525 nm PL signal shows that this phase-transition process spreads across the flake to the area as far as ∼40 μm from the laser spot. Without humidity, the phase transition happened in the laser-irritated area but did not spread, which suggests that moisture enhanced the ion migration from the laser-scanned area to the rest of the flake and accelerated the phase transition in the nearby area. Experiments with no prior e-beam irradiation show that e-beam irradiation is the key to activating the 2D-3D phase transition. Therefore, when the three factors work synergistically, a conversion from the 2D RP perovskite into the 3D perovskite is not localized and propagates through the perovskite. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex interactions between external stimuli and perovskite materials, thereby advancing the development of efficient and stable perovskite-based solar cells.

Dataset Information

Quasi-stokeslet induced by thermoplasmonic Marangoni effect around a water vapor microbubble.

Publications

Quasi-stokeslet induced by thermoplasmonic Marangoni effect around a water vapor microbubble.

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