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Random bits, true and unbiased, from atmospheric turbulence.

ABSTRACT: Random numbers represent a fundamental ingredient for secure communications and numerical simulation as well as to games and in general to Information Science. Physical processes with intrinsic unpredictability may be exploited to generate genuine random numbers. The optical propagation in strong atmospheric turbulence is here taken to this purpose, by observing a laser beam after a 143?km free-space path. In addition, we developed an algorithm to extract the randomness of the beam images at the receiver without post-processing. The numbers passed very selective randomness tests for qualification as genuine random numbers. The extracting algorithm can be easily generalized to random images generated by different physical processes.

SUBMITTER: Marangon DG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5381538 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Random bits, true and unbiased, from atmospheric turbulence.

Marangon Davide G DG Vallone Giuseppe G Villoresi Paolo P

Scientific reports 20140630

Random numbers represent a fundamental ingredient for secure communications and numerical simulation as well as to games and in general to Information Science. Physical processes with intrinsic unpredictability may be exploited to generate genuine random numbers. The optical propagation in strong atmospheric turbulence is here taken to this purpose, by observing a laser beam after a 143 km free-space path. In addition, we developed an algorithm to extract the randomness of the beam images at the ...[more]

PMID: 24976499

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Project description:The volume of securely encrypted data transmission increases continuously in modern society with all things connected. Towards this end, true random numbers generated from physical sources are highly required for guaranteeing security of encryption and decryption schemes for exchanging sensitive information. However, majority of true random number generators (TRNGs) are mechanically rigid, and thus cannot be compatibly integrated with some specific flexible platforms. Herein, we present a flexible and stretchable bionic TRNG inspired by the uniqueness and randomness of biological architectures. The flexible TRNG film is molded from the surface microstructures of natural plants (e.g., ginkgo leaf) via a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly manufacturing process. In our proof-of-principle experiment, the TRNG exhibits a fast generation speed of up to 1.04 Gbit/s, in which random numbers are fully extracted from laser speckle patterns with a high extraction rate of 72%. Significantly, the resulting random bit streams successfully pass all randomness test suites including NIST, TestU01, and DIEHARDER. Even after 10,000 times cyclic stretching or bending tests, or during temperature shock (-25-80 °C), the bionic TRNG still reveals robust mechanical reliability and thermal stability. Such a flexible TRNG shows a promising potential in information security of emerging flexible networked electronics.Electronic supplementary materialSupplementary material (light path diagram of transmitted laser speckle, pseudo random pattern, statistical distribution of bionic microstructures, haze of the bionic TRNG film, multi-layer circular laser intensity pattern, percentage of bit 0/1 for different hashed images, Pearson correlation coefficient between 100 different speckle images, the whole process of randomness extraction, SEM images of the flexible TRNG film after 10,000 times stretching and bending, continuous work stability of the TRNG at low or high temperature, light path diagram of reflective laser speckle, and detailed randomness test results of NIST, TestU01, and DIEHARDER) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-4109-9.

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Random bits, true and unbiased, from atmospheric turbulence.

Publications

Random bits, true and unbiased, from atmospheric turbulence.

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