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Production results from piglets vaccinated in a field study in Spain with a Type 1 Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive virus modified live vaccine.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:PRRS is a viral disease of pigs and sows that is one of the most costly to the pig industry worldwide. The disease can be controlled by focusing on different aspects. One of them is the vaccination of piglets, which is more controversial and difficult to manage than the vaccination of sows. However, pig producers could consider a piglet vaccination strategy if it reduces the negative clinical disease and improves zootechnical performance, decreases the probability to be infected and/or reduces the spread of the virus once the vaccinated piglet is infected. The efficacy of a novel PRRS modified live vaccine (Ingelvac PRRSFLEX® EU) was studied in a blinded, side-by-side placebo controlled field study of piglet vaccination including piglets weaned for three consecutive weeks (week groups 1, 2 and 3). RESULTS:This study established that PRRS piglet vaccination resulted in significantly better weight gain, seen as early as 4 weeks after vaccination, in naturally challenged pigs. Vaccine efficacy was supported by statistically significant increases in Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG) among week group 3 vaccinated pigs from vaccination to the end of the study and statistically significant increases in bodyweight and ADWG from inclusion to 10 weeks of age in week group 2 vaccinated piglets. However, no differences were noted in week group 1 presumably because more than 30 % of the vaccinated pigs were viremic at the time of vaccination. Furthermore, the proportion of pigs showing any abnormal clinical sign at least once at any of the examination time points was lower in vaccinated pigs than in control pigs. Based on the viremia results (qPCR), early onset of PRRS was detected in this herd. Viremia occurred at the time of vaccination in week group 1 and shortly after vaccination in week groups 2 and 3. Peak wild type PRRSV infection was assumed at 4 weeks post vaccination in all groups based on the number of PRRS positive pigs in the control groups. CONCLUSION:This study establishes that vaccination of piglets with Ingelvac PRRSFLEX® EU at 4 weeks of age improves weight gain and reduces the appearance of clinical sings during the growing period, even when the piglets are infected shortly after vaccination.

SUBMITTER: Cano G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5382400 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Production results from piglets vaccinated in a field study in Spain with a Type 1 Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive virus modified live vaccine.

Cano Guillermo G Cavalcanti Marcia Oliveira MO Orveillon Francois-Xavier FX Kroll Jeremy J Gomez-Duran Oliver O Morillo Alberto A Kraft Christian C

Porcine health management 20161001

<h4>Background</h4>PRRS is a viral disease of pigs and sows that is one of the most costly to the pig industry worldwide. The disease can be controlled by focusing on different aspects. One of them is the vaccination of piglets, which is more controversial and difficult to manage than the vaccination of sows. However, pig producers could consider a piglet vaccination strategy if it reduces the negative clinical disease and improves zootechnical performance, decreases the probability to be infect ...[more]

PMID: 28405448

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Project description:Classical swine fever (CSF) caused by the CSF virus (CSFV) is one of the most important swine diseases, resulting in huge economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Systematic vaccination is one of the most effective strategies for the prevention and control of this disease. Two main CSFV vaccines, the modified live vaccine (MLV) and the subunit E2 vaccine, are recommended. In Taiwan, CSF cases have not been reported since 2006, although systemic vaccination has been practiced for 70 years. Here, we examined the sero-dynamics of the piglets born from sows that received either the CSFV MLV or the E2 vaccine and investigated in the field the correlation between the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) loads and levels of CSFV antibody. A total of 1398 serum samples from 42 PRRSV-positive farms were evaluated to determine the PRRSV loads by real-time PCR and to detect CSFV antibody levels by commercial ELISA. Upon comparing the two sow vaccination protocols (CSFV MLV vaccination at 4 weeks post-farrowing versus E2 vaccination at 4-5 weeks pre-farrowing), the lowest levels of CSFV antibody were found in piglets at 5-8 and 9-12 weeks of age for the MLV and E2 groups, respectively. Meanwhile, the appropriate time window for CSFV vaccination of offspring was at 5-8 and 9-12 weeks of age in the MLV and E2 groups, respectively. There was a very highly significant negative correlation between the PRRSV load and the level of CSFV antibody in the CSFV MLV vaccination group (P < 0.0001). The PRRSV detection rate in the pigs from the MLV group (27.78%) was significantly higher than that in pigs from the E2 group (21.32%) (P = 0.011). In addition, there was a significant difference (P = 0.019) in the PRRSV detection rate at 5-8 weeks of age between the MLV (42.15%) and E2 groups (29.79%). Our findings indicate that the vaccination of CSFV MLV in piglets during the PRRSV susceptibility period at 5-8 weeks of age may be overloading the piglet's immune system and should be a critical concern for industrial pork production in the field.

Project description:BackgroundThe development of the innate and adaptive immune responses to Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) after vaccination of 1 day-old pigs with a PRRSV-1 based modified live virus (MLV) vaccine by intramuscular (IM) and intranasal (IN) routes was characterised, before and after challenge with a heterologous PRRSV-1 isolate at 18 weeks post-vaccination. Twenty-five PRRSV-seronegative piglets were used. At 1 day of age, pigs were administered with a single dose of vaccine via the IM (n = 10) or the IN route (n = 10). Control group (n = 5) received saline solution. After vaccination, pigs were bled at days 3, 7, 28, 56, 83, 113 and 125. Levels of cytokines IL-10, IL-8, IFN-α (measured by ELISA tests of serum), TNF-α and IFN-γ (measured by ELISA and ELISPOT, respectively, from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells), and serum neutralising antibodies (NA) to the vaccine strain, were measured.ResultsThe induction of IL-10 was rare, indicating that IL-10 mediated immunomodulation/immune dysfunction was not a feature of this vaccine or of the challenge virus. IL-8 was detected in only two pigs following vaccination, but in the majority of pigs after challenge, indicating that their ability to produce an innate immune response was not impaired. TNF-α was not detected in any vaccinated pigs until day 83. After challenge, only a minority of pigs produced TNF-α. IFN-α was detected in all vaccinated pigs following vaccination, indicating the potential for development of an effective Th1 adaptive immune response. IFN-γ-secreting cells were detected in all vaccinated pigs after vaccination. NA to the vaccine strain were first detected at day 56 in pigs vaccinated by both routes, and remained at similar levels until challenge. After challenge, a boost in NA was observed. The efficacy of the vaccine was demonstrated by reduction of viraemia and nasal shedding after challenge.ConclusionsThe administration of a PRRSV-1 based MLV vaccine to 1 day-old piglets was able to induce an immune response characterised by: (1) undetectable or low levels of IL-10, IL-8 and TNF-α, (2) an increase in IFN-α expression within the first seven days, (3) a gradual increase in the number of antigen-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells, and (4) induction of detectable NA. After challenge with a heterologous strain, there was a rapid boost in NA titres, indicating a priming effect of the vaccine.

Dataset Information

Production results from piglets vaccinated in a field study in Spain with a Type 1 Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive virus modified live vaccine.

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Production results from piglets vaccinated in a field study in Spain with a Type 1 Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive virus modified live vaccine.

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