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Toluene diisocyanate exposure induces airway inflammation of bronchial epithelial cells via the activation of transient receptor potential melastatin 8.

ABSTRACT: Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is the most important cause of occupational asthma (OA), and various pathogenic mechanisms have been suggested. Of these mechanisms, neurogenic inflammation is an important inducer of airway inflammation. Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a well-established cold-sensing cation channel that is expressed in both neuronal cells and bronchial epithelial cells. A recent genome-wide association study of TDI-exposed workers found a significant association between the phenotype of TDI-induced OA and the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs10803666, which has been mapped to the TRPM8 gene. We hypothesized that TRPM8 located in airway epithelial cells may be involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of TDI-induced OA and investigated its role. Bronchial epithelial cells were treated with TDI in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The expression levels of TRPM8 mRNA and protein were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. TDI-induced morphological changes in the cells were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. Alterations in the transcripts of inflammatory cytokines were examined in accordance with TRPM8 activation by TDI. TRPM8 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels was enhanced by TDI in airway epithelial cells. TRPM8 activation by TDI led to significant increases in the mRNA of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-25 and IL-33. The increased expression of the cytokine genes by TDI was partly attenuated after treatment with a TRPM8 antagonist. TDI exposure induces increased expression of TRPM8 mRNA in airway epithelial cells coupled with enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting a novel role of TRPM8 in the pathogenesis of TDI-induced OA.

SUBMITTER: Kim JH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5382555 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Toluene diisocyanate exposure induces airway inflammation of bronchial epithelial cells via the activation of transient receptor potential melastatin 8.

Kim Joo-Hee JH Jang Young-Sook YS Jang Seung-Hun SH Jung Ki-Suck KS Kim Seung-Hyun SH Ye Young-Min YM Park Hae-Sim HS

Experimental & molecular medicine 20170303 3

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is the most important cause of occupational asthma (OA), and various pathogenic mechanisms have been suggested. Of these mechanisms, neurogenic inflammation is an important inducer of airway inflammation. Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a well-established cold-sensing cation channel that is expressed in both neuronal cells and bronchial epithelial cells. A recent genome-wide association study of TDI-exposed workers found a significant association b ...[more]

PMID: 28255167

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Project description:PURPOSE:Cold air is a major environmental factor that exacerbates asthma. Transient receptor potential melastatin family member 8 (TRPM8) is a cold-sensing channel expressed in the airway epithelium. However, its role in airway inflammation remains unknown. We investigated the role of TRPM8 in innate immune responses in bronchial epithelial cells and asthmatic subjects. METHODS:The TRPM8 mRNA and protein expression on BEAS2B human bronchial epithelial cells was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. Additionally, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-25 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) levels before and after menthol, dexamethasone and N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl) piperazine-1-carboxamide (BCTC) treatments were measured via real-time PCR. TRPM8 protein levels in the supernatants of induced sputum from asthmatic subjects and normal control subjects were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mRNA levels in sputum cell lysates were measured using real-time PCR. RESULTS:Treatment with up to 2 mM menthol dose-dependently increased TRPM8 mRNA and protein in BEAS2B cells compared to untreated cells (P < 0.001) and concomitantly increased IL-25 and TSLP mRNA (P < 0.05), but not IL-33 mRNA. BCTC (10 ?M) significantly abolished menthol-induced up-regulation of TRPM8 mRNA and protein and IL-25 and TSLP mRNA (P < 0.01). TRPM8 protein levels were higher in the supernatants of induced sputum from asthmatic subjects (n = 107) than in those from healthy controls (n = 19) (P < 0.001), and IL-25, TSLP and IL-33 mRNA levels were concomitantly increased (P < 0.001). Additionally, TRPM8 mRNA levels correlated strongly with those of IL-25 and TSLP (P < 0.001), and TRPM8 protein levels were significantly higher in bronchodilator-responsive asthmatic subjects than in nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS:TRPM8 may be involved in the airway epithelial cell innate immune response and a molecular target for the treatment of asthma.

Project description:The nose is an attractive source of airway epithelial cells, particularly in populations in which bronchoscopy may not be possible. However, substituting nasal cells for bronchial epithelial cells in the study of airway inflammation depends upon comparability of responses, and evidence for this is lacking. Our objective was to determine whether nasal epithelial cell inflammatory mediator release and receptor expression reflect those of bronchial epithelial cells. Paired cultures of undifferentiated nasal and bronchial epithelial cells were obtained from brushings from 35 subjects, including 5 children. Cells were subject to morphologic and immunocytochemical assessment. Mediator release from resting and cytokine-stimulated cell monolayers was determined, as was cell surface receptor expression. Nasal and bronchial cells had identical epithelial morphology and uniform expression of cytokeratin 19. There were no differences in constitutive expression of CD44, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, alphavbeta3, and alphavbeta5. Despite significantly higher constitutive release of IL-8, IL-6, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 from nasal compared with bronchial cells, the increments in release of all studied mediators in response to stimulation with IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were similar, and there were significant positive correlations between nasal and bronchial cell secretion of IL-6, RANTES, vascular endothelial growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. Despite differences in absolute mediator levels, the responses of nasal and bronchial epithelial cells to cytokine stimulation were similar, expression of relevant surface receptors was comparable, and there were significant correlations between nasal and bronchial cell mediator release. Therefore, nasal epithelial cultures constitute an accessible surrogate for studying lower airway inflammation.

Dataset Information

Toluene diisocyanate exposure induces airway inflammation of bronchial epithelial cells via the activation of transient receptor potential melastatin 8.

Publications

Toluene diisocyanate exposure induces airway inflammation of bronchial epithelial cells via the activation of transient receptor potential melastatin 8.

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