Outbreaks of Disease Associated with Food Imported into the United States, 1996-20141.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Gould LH
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5382743 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Outbreaks of Disease Associated with Food Imported into the United States, 1996-2014<sup>1</sup>.
Gould L Hannah LH Kline Jennifer J Monahan Caitlin C Vierk Katherine K
Emerging infectious diseases 20170301 3
The proportion of US food that is imported is increasing; most seafood and half of fruits are imported. We identified a small but increasing number of foodborne disease outbreaks associated with imported foods, most commonly fish and produce. New outbreak investigation tools and federal regulatory authority are key to maintaining food safety. ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:Since 2006, the number of reported US listeriosis outbreaks associated with cheese made under unsanitary conditions has increased. Two-thirds were linked to Latin-style soft cheese, often affecting pregnant Hispanic women and their newborns. Adherence to pasteurization protocols and sanitation measures to avoid contamination after pasteurization can reduce future outbreaks.
| S-EPMC6004860 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVES:To present the first update on the epidemiology of US foodborne correctional institution outbreaks in 20 years. METHODS:We analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System to describe correctional institution outbreaks from 1998 to 2014 and compare them with other foodborne outbreaks. RESULTS:Two hundred foodborne outbreaks in correctional institutions were reported, resulting in 20?625 illnesses, 204 hospitalizations, and 5 deaths. Median number of outbreak-associated illnesses per 100?000 population per year was 45 (range?=?11-141) compared with 7 (range?=?4-10) for other outbreaks. These outbreaks accounted for 6% (20?625 of 358?330) of outbreak-associated foodborne illnesses. Thirty-seven states reported at least 1 outbreak in a correctional institution. Clostridium perfringens (28%; 36 of 128) was the most frequently reported single etiology. The most frequently reported contributing factor was food remaining at room temperature (37%; 28 of 76). CONCLUSIONS:Incarcerated persons suffer a disproportionate number of outbreak-associated foodborne illnesses. Better food safety oversight and regulation in correctional food services could decrease outbreaks. Public Health Implications. Public health officials, correctional officials, and food suppliers can work together for food safety. Clearer jurisdiction over regulation of correctional food services is needed.
| S-EPMC5463225 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Modern food systems represent complex dynamic networks vulnerable to foodborne infectious outbreaks difficult to track and control. Seasonal co-occurrences (alignment of seasonal peaks) and synchronization (similarity of seasonal patterns) of infections are noted, yet rarely explored due to their complexity and methodological limitations. We proposed a systematic approach to evaluate the co-occurrence of seasonal peaks using a combination of L-moments, seasonality characteristics such as the timing (phase) and intensity (amplitude) of peaks, and three metrics of serial, phase-phase, and phase-amplitude synchronization. We used public records on counts of nine foodborne infections abstracted from CDC's FoodNet Fast online platform for the US and ten representative states from 1996 to 2017 (264 months). Based on annualized and trend-adjusted Negative Binomial Harmonic Regression (NBHR) models augmented with the ?-method, we determined that seasonal peaks of Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia Coli (STEC) were tightly clustered in late-July at the national and state levels. Phase-phase synchronization was observed between Cryptosporidium and Shigella, Listeria, and Salmonella (??=?0.51, 0.51, 0.46; p?<?0.04). Later peak timing of STEC was associated with greater amplitude nationally (??=?0.50, p?=?0.02) indicating phase-amplitude synchronization. Understanding of disease seasonal synchronization is essential for developing reliable outbreak forecasts and informing stakeholders on mitigation and preventive measures.
| S-EPMC7562704 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Accumulating evidence suggests risk of cognitive impairment is declining in high-income countries. Much of this research uses longitudinal surveys in which learning over repeated tests may bias results. We analyze trends in cognitive impairment in the United States, accounting for prior test experience and selective mortality. METHODS:We use the Health and Retirement Study, a population-based, nationally representative panel dataset and include individuals ages 50 years and older in 1996-2014 (n = 32,784). We measure cognitive impairment and dementia using standard cutpoints of the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. We estimate logistic regression models for any impairment and dementia over time, adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity, comparing models with and without adjustment for practice effects and education. We examine heterogeneity in trends by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education. RESULTS:Models not controlling for test experience suggest that risk of cognitive impairment and dementia decreased over the study period. Controlling for test experience reverses the trend. In our primary models, prevalence of any cognitive impairment increased for women from 18.7% to 21.2% (annual change 0.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1%, 1.3%) and for men from 17.6% to 21.0% (annual change 1.0%, CI, 0.5%, 1.4%). For dementia, women's annual increase was 1.7% (CI, 0.8%, 2.6%) and men's 2.0% (CI, 1.0%, 2.9%). If not for education, the increase would have been stronger. Increased risk was particularly rapid for Latinas, the least educated, and older ages. CONCLUSIONS:Risk of cognitive impairment increased from 1996 to 2014. Uncovering determinants of increasing cognitive impairment risk should become a research priority. See video abstract: http://links.lww.com/EDE/B702.
| S-EPMC7386871 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThis study describes characteristics of large tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks in the United States detected using novel molecular surveillance methods during 2014-2016 and followed for 2 years through 2018.MethodsWe developed 4 genotype-based detection algorithms to identify large TB outbreaks of ≥10 cases related by recent transmission during a 3-year period. We used whole-genome sequencing and epidemiologic data to assess evidence of recent transmission among cases.ResultsThere were 24 large outbreaks involving 518 cases; patients were primarily U.S.-born (85.1%) racial/ethnic minorities (84.1%). Compared with all other TB patients, patients associated with large outbreaks were more likely to report substance use, homelessness, and having been diagnosed while incarcerated. Most large outbreaks primarily occurred within residences among families and nonfamilial social contacts. A source case with a prolonged infectious period and difficulties in eliciting contacts were commonly reported contributors to transmission.ConclusionLarge outbreak surveillance can inform targeted interventions to decrease outbreak-associated TB morbidity.
| S-EPMC9530005 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Death with graft function remains an important cause of graft loss among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Little is known about the trend of specific causes of death in KTRs in recent years. METHODS:We analyzed United States Renal Data System data (1996-2014) to determine 1- and 10-year all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adult KTRs who died with a functioning allograft. We also studied 1- and 10-year trends in the various causes of mortality. RESULTS:Of 210,327 KTRs who received their first kidney transplant from 1996 to 2014, 3.2% died within 1 year after transplant. Cardiovascular deaths constituted the majority (24.7%), followed by infectious (15.2%) and malignant (2.9%) causes; 40.1% of deaths had no reported cause. Using 1996 as the referent year, all-cause as well as cardiovascular mortality declined, whereas mortality due to malignancy did not. For analyses of 10-year mortality, we studied 94,384 patients who received a first kidney transplant from 1996 to 2005. Of those, 22.1% died over 10 years and the causative patterns of their causes of death were similar to those associated with 1-year mortality. CONCLUSIONS:Despite the downtrend in mortality over the last 2 decades, a significant percentage of KTRs die in 10-years with a functioning graft, and cardiovascular mortality remains the leading cause of death. These data also highlight the need for diligent collection of mortality data in KTRs.
| S-EPMC6347016 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBurden of disease studies have been implemented in many countries using the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) to assess major health problems. Important objectives of the study were to quantify intra-country differentials in health outcomes and to place the United States situation in the international context.MethodsWe applied methods developed for the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) to data specific to the United States to compute Disability-Adjusted Life Years. Estimates are provided by age and gender for the general population of the United States and for each of the four official race groups: White; Black; American Indian or Alaskan Native; and Asian or Pacific Islander. Several adjustments of GBD methods were made: the inclusion of race; a revised list of causes; and a revised algorithm to allocate cardiovascular disease garbage codes to ischaemic heart disease. We compared the results of this analysis to international estimates published by the World Health Organization for developed and developing regions of the world.ResultsIn the mid-1990s the leading sources of premature death and disability in the United States, as measured by DALYs, were: cardiovascular conditions, breast and lung cancers, depression, osteoarthritis, diabetes mellitus, and alcohol use and abuse. In addition, motor vehicle-related injuries and the HIV epidemic exacted a substantial toll on the health status of the US population, particularly among racial minorities. The major sources of death and disability in these latter populations were more similar to patterns of burden in developing rather than developed countries.ConclusionEstimating DALYs specifically for the United States provides a comprehensive assessment of health problems for this country compared to what is available using mortality data alone.
| S-EPMC1635736 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundInfectious disease epidemiology has changed over time, reflecting improved clinical interventions and emergence of threats such as antimicrobial resistance. This study investigated infectious disease hospitalizations in the United States from 2001 to 2014.MethodsEstimated rates of infectious disease hospitalizations were calculated by using the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample. Infectious disease hospitalizations were defined as hospitalizations with a principal discharge diagnosis of an infectious disease. Diagnoses according to site of infection and sepsis were examined, as was occurrence of in-hospital death. The leading nonsepsis infectious disease secondary diagnoses for hospitalizations with a principal diagnosis of sepsis were identified.ResultsThe mean annual age-adjusted infectious disease hospitalization rate was 1,468.2 (95% CI, 1,459.9-1,476.4) per 100,000 population; in-hospital death occurred in 4.22% (95% CI, 4.18-4.25) of infectious disease hospitalizations. The mean annual age-adjusted infectious disease hospitalization rate increased from 2001-2003 to 2012-2014 (rate ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09), as did the percentage of in-hospital death (4.21% [95% CI, 4.13-4.29] to 4.30% [95% CI, 4.26-4.35]; P = .049). The diagnoses with the highest hospitalization rates among all sites of infection and sepsis diagnoses were the lower respiratory tract followed by sepsis. The most common nonsepsis infectious disease secondary diagnoses among sepsis hospitalizations were "urinary tract infection," "pneumonia, organism unspecified," and "intestinal infection due to Clostridium [Clostridioides] difficile."ConclusionsAlthough hospital discharge data are subject to limitations, particularly for tracking sepsis, lower respiratory tract infections and sepsis seem to be important contributors to infectious disease hospitalizations. Prevention of infections that lead to sepsis and improvements in sepsis management would decrease the burden of infectious disease hospitalizations and improve outcomes, respectively.
| S-EPMC6696939 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:The epidemiology of pneumonia has likely evolved in recent years, reflecting an aging population, changes in population immunity, and socioeconomic disparities. METHODS:Using the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample, estimated numbers and rates of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations for 2001-2014 were calculated. A pneumonia-associated hospitalization was defined as one in which the discharge record listed a principal diagnosis of pneumonia or a secondary diagnosis of pneumonia if the principal diagnosis was respiratory failure or sepsis. RESULTS:There were an estimated 20,361,181 (SE, 95,601) pneumonia-associated hospitalizations in the United States during 2001-2014 (average annual age-adjusted pneumonia-associated hospitalization rate of 464.8 per 100,000 population [95% CI, 462.5-467.1]). The average annual age-adjusted pneumonia-associated hospitalization rate decreased over the study period (P < .0001). In-hospital death occurred in 7.4% (SE, 0.03) of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations. Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Natives and non-Hispanic blacks had the highest average annual age-adjusted rates of pneumonia-associated hospitalization of all race/ethnicities at 439.2 (95% CI, 415.9-462.5) and 438.6 (95% CI, 432.5-444.7) per 100,000 population, respectively. During 2001-2014, the proportion of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations colisting an immunocompromising condition increased from 18.7% (SE, 0.2) in 2001 to 29.9% (SE, 0.2) in 2014. Total charges for pneumonia-associated hospitalizations in 2014 were over $84 billion. CONCLUSIONS:Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Differences in rates and outcomes of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations between sociodemographic groups warrant further investigation. The immunocompromised population has emerged as a group experiencing a disproportionate burden of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations.
| S-EPMC6556777 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction:Although the management of scleroderma continues to evolve, it is unknown whether the burden of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treated with maintenance renal replacement therapy from SD has changed. Methods:We examined United States Renal Data System data (n = 1,677,303) for the years 1996 to 2012 to quantify the incidence and outcomes of ESKD from scleroderma treated with renal replacement therapy (n = 2398). Outcomes assessed through demography-matched scleroderma-positive/scleroderma-negative comparisons included recovery of kidney function, mortality, listing for transplant, renal transplantations, and graft failure. Results:Overall ESKD rates from scleroderma were 0.5 per million per year. Adjusted incidence ratios fell over time, to 0.42 in 2012 (vs. 1996, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32-0.54, P < 0.001). Adjusted incidence ratios for ESKD from scleroderma fell over time in both sexes, all age, race, and ethnicity categories except age < 20 years and Asian race, and in all regions of the United States. After initiating renal replacement therapy, patients with scleroderma had a greater likelihood of recovery of kidney function (hazards ratio [HR] = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.90-3.76, P < 0.001) and death (HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.34-1.54, P < 0.001) and a lower likelihood of transplantation (HR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.44-0.59, P < 0.001) than demography-matched patients without scleroderma. Conclusion:The incidence of ESKD from scleroderma appears to have declined in the United States since 1996. ESKD from scleroderma is associated with an enhanced likelihood of recovery of kidney function and death, a reduced likelihood of transplantation, and similar outcomes after transplantation.
| S-EPMC5762953 | biostudies-literature