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Neuronal hemoglobin affects dopaminergic cells' response to stress.

ABSTRACT: Hemoglobin (Hb) is the major protein in erythrocytes and carries oxygen (O₂) throughout the body. Recently, Hb has been found synthesized in atypical sites, including the brain. Hb is highly expressed in A9 dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra (SN), whose selective degeneration leads to Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we show that Hb confers DA cells' susceptibility to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺) and rotenone, neurochemical cellular models of PD. The toxic property of Hb does not depend on O₂ binding and is associated with insoluble aggregate formation in the nucleolus. Neurochemical stress induces epigenetic modifications, nucleolar alterations and autophagy inhibition that depend on Hb expression. When adeno-associated viruses carrying ?- and ?-chains of Hb are stereotaxically injected into mouse SN, Hb forms aggregates and causes motor learning impairment. These results position Hb as a potential player in DA cells' homeostasis and dysfunction in PD.

SUBMITTER: Codrich M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5386368 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Neuronal hemoglobin affects dopaminergic cells' response to stress.

Codrich Marta M Bertuzzi Maria M Russo Roberta R Francescatto Margherita M Espinoza Stefano S Zentilin Lorena L Giacca Mauro M Cesselli Daniela D Beltrami Antonio Paolo AP Ascenzi Paolo P Zucchelli Silvia S Persichetti Francesca F Leanza Giampiero G Gustincich Stefano S

Cell death & disease 20170105 1

Hemoglobin (Hb) is the major protein in erythrocytes and carries oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) throughout the body. Recently, Hb has been found synthesized in atypical sites, including the brain. Hb is highly expressed in A9 dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra (SN), whose selective degeneration leads to Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we show that Hb confers DA cells' susceptibility to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP<sup>+</sup>) and rotenone, neurochemical cellular models of PD. The toxi ...[more]

PMID: 28055011

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Project description:Human pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons by directing cells through a floor plate progenitor stage. The developmental identity of mDA neurons produced using floor plate protocols is similar to substantia nigra neurons, and this has improved the ability to model Parkinson's disease (PD) in a dish. Combined with the unlimited growth potential of pluripotent stem cells, mDA neural progenitor cell production can provide a scalable source of human dopaminergic (DA) neurons for diverse applications. However, due to the complexity and length of the protocols and inherent differences between cell lines, considerable variability of the final population of neurons is often observed. One solution to this problem is to cryopreserve committed mDA neural progenitor cells in a ready-to-use format. Creating a bank of cryopreserved mDA neural progenitor cells poised for neuronal differentiation could significantly improve reproducibility and facilitate collaborations. Here we have compared six (6) different commercial cryopreservation media and different freezing conditions for mDA neural progenitor cells differentiated from human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines. Significant differences in cell recovery were observed at 24 h post-thawing, but no differences were observed immediately upon thawing. The presence of ROCK inhibitors improved cell recovery at 24 h for all cryopreservation media tested. A faster cooling rate of 1-2°C/min was significantly better than 0.5°C/min for all conditions tested, while rapid thawing at 37°C was not always superior to slow thawing at 4°C. Importantly, cryopreservation of mDA neural progenitor cells did not alter their potential to resume differentiation into mDA neurons. Banks of cryopreserved committed mDA neural progenitor cells provide a method to generate human DA neurons with reduced batch-to-batch variability, and establish a mechanism to share lineage-primed cells for collaborative research.

Dataset Information

Neuronal hemoglobin affects dopaminergic cells' response to stress.

Publications

Neuronal hemoglobin affects dopaminergic cells' response to stress.

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