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Effects of an Ad Libitum Consumed Low-Fat Plant-Based Diet Supplemented with Plant-Based Meal Replacements on Body Composition Indices.

ABSTRACT: Objective. To document the effect of a diet free from animal-sourced nutrients on body composition indices. Methods. This was a nonrandomized interventional (n = 241)-control (n = 84) trial with a 10-week, low-fat, plant-based diet supplemented with two daily meal replacements. The meals were allowed to be eaten to full satiety without prespecified calorie restrictions. Control subjects received weekly lectures on the rationale and expected benefits of plant-based nutrition. Body composition indices were measured with bioimpedance analysis. Results. Relative to controls, in cases, postintervention body fat percentage was reduced by 4.3 (95% CI 4.1-4.6)% points (a relative decrement of -13.4%), visceral fat by 1.6 (95% CI 1.5-1.7) fat cross-sectional surface units, and weight by 5.6?kg (95% CI 5.2-6), while muscle mass was reduced by 0.3?kg (95% CI 0.06-0.5) with a relative increase of muscle mass percentage of 4.2 (3.9-4.4)% points. Analysis of covariance showed significantly larger adjusted fat reductions in cases compared to controls. Late follow-up revealed further weight loss in 60% of cases and no significant change in controls. Conclusions. Low-fat, plant-based diet in free-living nonresidential conditions eaten ad libitum enables significant and meaningful body fat reductions with relative preservation of muscle mass. This trial is registered with NCT02906072, ClinicalTrials.gov.

SUBMITTER: Jakse B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5387822 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of an Ad Libitum Consumed Low-Fat Plant-Based Diet Supplemented with Plant-Based Meal Replacements on Body Composition Indices.

Jakše Boštjan B Pinter Stanislav S Jakše Barbara B Bučar Pajek Maja M Pajek Jernej J Pajek Jernej J

BioMed research international 20170328

Objective. To document the effect of a diet free from animal-sourced nutrients on body composition indices. Methods. This was a nonrandomized interventional (n = 241)-control (n = 84) trial with a 10-week, low-fat, plant-based diet supplemented with two daily meal replacements. The meals were allowed to be eaten to full satiety without prespecified calorie restrictions. Control subjects received weekly lectures on the rationale and expected benefits of plant-based nut ...[more]

PMID: 28459071

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Project description:Sustainable nutritional strategies to reduce risk factors of cardiovascular diseases are highly needed. Inclusion of meal replacements may increase adherence to plant-based diets (PBDs). The aim of this study was to test the effects of a transition from a western-type diet to a new nutritional paradigm with a PBD from predominately unrefined whole food sources, eaten ad libitum and including nutrient-enriched plant-based meal replacements twice daily. This was a single-arm, prospective interventional trial for 10 weeks in 36 participants with extension to 36 weeks in 18 participants. The main endpoint was serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol measured at baseline, after 10 weeks (phase 1), and after 36 weeks (phase 2). Secondary endpoints included total, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL-cholesterol, fasting glucose, uric acid, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The mean reduction in LDL-cholesterol was 0.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-0.8) mmol/L (-15%, P < 0.001) at the end of phase 1, with no further change by the end of phase 2. Similar reductions were noted for non-HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol. HDL-cholesterol was reduced by 0.16 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.1-0.2). There was a borderline reduction in fasting glucose (5.2 to 5 mmol/L in phase 1, P = 0.08) and a small significant rise in serum uric acid levels of 15 (95% CI, 1-28) μmol/L, P < 0.05. Median baseline value for IGF-1 concentration was 156 μg/L. Participants with baseline IGF-1 below median had a significant increase in IGF-1 value from baseline 110 ± 31 to 132 ± 39 at the end of phase 1 (mean change of +22 μg/L, 95% CI, 11-33, P = 0.001). Participants with baseline IGF-1 above median had no significant change in IGF-1. Significant reductions in body weight, body fat, and visceral fat were observed. Supplemented, unrefined PBD eaten ad libitum was effective in improving total and LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, and IGF-1 in low baseline IGF-1 subgroup.This trial is registered as NCT02905448 at https://clinicaltrials.gov, registered 19.9.2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02905448.

Project description:Liver content of pentose-cycle intermediates and the activity of the three major cytoplasmic NADPH-producing enzymes and pentose-cycle enzymes were measured in three dietary states: 48 h-starved rats, rats fed on a standard diet ad libitum, and rats meal-fed with a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet. Measured tissue contents of pentose-cycle intermediates in starved liver were: 6-phosphogluconate, 4.7 +/- 0.5 nmol/g; ribulose 5-P, 3.7 +/- 0.5 nmol/g; xylulose 5-P, 4.3 +/- 0.4 nmol/g; sedoheptulose 7-P, 25.5 +/- 1.3 nmol/g; and combined sedoheptulose 7-P and ribose 5-P, 30.6 +/- 0.7 nmol/g. These values were in good agreement with values calculated from fructose 6-P and free glyceraldehyde 3-P, assuming the major transketolase, transaldolase, ribulose-5-P 3-epimerase and ribose-5-P isomerase reactions were all in near-equilibrium. Similar results were found in animals fed ad libitum. These relationships were not valid in animals fed on a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet, with tissue contents of metabolites in some cases being more than an order of magnitude higher than the calculated values. Measured tissue contents of pentose-cycle intermediates in these animals were: 6-phosphogluconate, 124.2 +/- 13.9 nmol/g; ribulose 5-P, 44.8 +/- 7.1 nmol/g; xylulose 5-P, 77.2 +/- 9.4 nmol/g; sedoheptulose 7-P, 129.9 +/- 10.1 nmol/g; and combined sedoheptulose 7-P and ribose 5-P, 157.0 +/- 11.3 nmol/g. In all animals, regardless of dietary state, tissue content of erythrose 4-P was less than 2 nmol/ml. Liver activities of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were increased from 3.5 +/- 0.9 mumol/g and 7.3 +/- 0.5 mumol/min per g in starved animals to 13.2 +/- 1.1 and 10.5 +/- 0.7 mumol/min per g in low-fat high-carbohydrate-fed animals. Despite these changes, the activities of transaldolase (3.4 +/- 0.3 mumol/min per g), transketolase (7.8 +/- 0.2 mumol/min per g) and ribulose-5-P 3-epimerase (7.5 +/- 0.4 mumol/min per g) were not increased in meal-fed animals above those observed in starved animals (3.4 +/- 0.2, 7.1 +/- 0.3 and 8.6 +/- 0.4 mumol/min per g respectively). The increase in the activity of oxidative pentose-cycle enzymes in the absence of any change in the non-oxidative pentose cycle appeared to contribute to the observed disequilibrium in the pentose cycle in animals meal fed on a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet.

Dataset Information

Effects of an Ad Libitum Consumed Low-Fat Plant-Based Diet Supplemented with Plant-Based Meal Replacements on Body Composition Indices.

Publications

Effects of an Ad Libitum Consumed Low-Fat Plant-Based Diet Supplemented with Plant-Based Meal Replacements on Body Composition Indices.

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