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Regulation of the Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP cyanuric acid degradation operon.

ABSTRACT: Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP is the model strain for studying bacterial degradation of the s-triazine herbicide atrazine. In this work, we focused on the expression of the atzDEF operon, involved in mineralization of the central intermediate of the pathway, cyanuric acid. Expression analysis of atzD-lacZ fusions in Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP and Pseudomonas putida showed that atzDEF is subjected to dual regulation in response to nitrogen limitation and cyanuric acid. The gene adjacent to atzD, orf99 (renamed here atzR), encoding a LysR-like regulator, was found to be required for both responses. Expression of atzR-lacZ was induced by nitrogen limitation and repressed by AtzR. Nitrogen regulation of atzD-lacZ and atzR-lacZ expression was dependent on the alternative sigma factor sigmaN and NtrC, suggesting that the cyanuric acid degradation operon may be subject to general nitrogen control. However, while atzR is transcribed from a sigmaN-dependent promoter, atzDEF transcription appears to be driven from a sigma70-type promoter. Expression of atzR from a heterologous promoter revealed that although NtrC regulation of atzD-lacZ requires the AtzR protein, it is not the indirect result of NtrC-activated AtzR synthesis. We propose that expression of the cyanuric acid degradation operon atzDEF is controlled by means of a complex regulatory circuit in which AtzR is the main activator. AtzR activity is in turn modulated by the presence of cyanuric acid and by a nitrogen limitation signal transduced by the Ntr system.

SUBMITTER: Garcia-Gonzalez V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC538813 | biostudies-literature | 2005 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Regulation of the Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP cyanuric acid degradation operon.

García-González Vicente V Govantes Fernando F Porrúa Odil O Santero Eduardo E

Journal of bacteriology 20050101 1

Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP is the model strain for studying bacterial degradation of the s-triazine herbicide atrazine. In this work, we focused on the expression of the atzDEF operon, involved in mineralization of the central intermediate of the pathway, cyanuric acid. Expression analysis of atzD-lacZ fusions in Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP and Pseudomonas putida showed that atzDEF is subjected to dual regulation in response to nitrogen limitation and cyanuric acid. The gene adjacent to atzD, orf ...[more]

PMID: 15601699

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Project description:AtzF, allophanate hydrolase, is a recently discovered member of the amidase signature family that catalyzes the terminal reaction during metabolism of s-triazine ring compounds by bacteria. In the present study, the atzF gene from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP was cloned and expressed as a His-tagged protein, and the protein was purified and characterized. AtzF had a deduced subunit molecular mass of 66,223, based on the gene sequence, and an estimated holoenzyme molecular mass of 260,000. The active protein did not contain detectable metals or organic cofactors. Purified AtzF hydrolyzed allophanate with a k(cat)/K(m) of 1.1 x 10(4) s(-1) M(-1), and 2 mol of ammonia was released per mol allophanate. The substrate range of AtzF was very narrow. Urea, biuret, hydroxyurea, methylcarbamate, and other structurally analogous compounds were not substrates for AtzF. Only malonamate, which strongly inhibited allophanate hydrolysis, was an alternative substrate, with a greatly reduced k(cat)/K(m) of 21 s(-1) M(-1). Data suggested that the AtzF catalytic cycle proceeds through a covalent substrate-enzyme intermediate. AtzF reacts with malonamate and hydroxylamine to generate malonohydroxamate, potentially derived from hydroxylamine capture of an enzyme-tethered acyl group. Three putative catalytically important residues, one lysine and two serines, were altered by site-directed mutagenesis, each with complete loss of enzyme activity. The identity of a putative serine nucleophile was probed using phenyl phosphorodiamidate that was shown to be a time-dependent inhibitor of AtzF. Inhibition was due to phosphoroamidation of Ser189 as shown by liquid chromatography/matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. The modified residue corresponds in sequence alignments to the nucleophilic serine previously identified in other members of the amidase signature family. Thus, AtzF affects the cleavage of three carbon-to-nitrogen bonds via a mechanism similar to that of enzymes catalyzing single-amide-bond cleavage reactions. AtzF orthologs appear to be widespread among bacteria.

Dataset Information

Regulation of the Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP cyanuric acid degradation operon.

Publications

Regulation of the Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP cyanuric acid degradation operon.

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